SET721 Sustainable Engineering Assignment Help

This assessment task requires students to examine current articles and reports in the past 24 months relating to sustainable engineering/practises and to perform a critical analysis of the subject area covered in a specific article. Articles may cover areas such as new manufacturing processes, extraction of materials/minerals, infrastructure challenges, renewable technologies, food production, etc. Students are required to demonstrate/speculate on how existing or new engineering practises/solutions can address these challenges in the short and longer term.

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Introduction

The report will discuss in detail about Sustainable Intensification also called as SI is normally focused on a procedure by which agricultural focused productivity is increased without any negative influence the culture or environment, mainly based on developing social and environment gains. It was initially designed in an African process in 1990s, the word sustainable level intensification also called as SI has becoming more and more trendy in scientific and policy focused discourses. Two kind of papers as per research has further assessed the significance of diverse SI focused discourses over a period of time. Both kind of reviews throws light on the relevance of productivity focused lens also SI focuses on the rise of agricultural manufacturing to be able to feed in quick manner developing international population. Such productivity focus, usually define in mix with a wish to rise food safety, is highlighted in scientific manner as well as journal articles along with policy files released in last ten years (Dicks et al., 2019). Many kinds of initiatives like Defra’s Sustainable Intensification Research framework and a wide sustainable intensified research focused network as funded via Biological and Biotechnology Sciences Research firm, have in recent time further explored the prospects for SI present in UK and at other places. 

Objective

The report will discuss about the question of how sustainable intensification can be offered at farm level scale as a part of UK context. The goal of this exercise was to recognize specific kind of practices with prospects to offer SI on UK based farms. The goal here is to recognize different practices with prospect to offer SI on UK based farms. The objective is to recognize work that are feasible by nature, viable in terms of commercial work, with clear culture or social gains mixed with improved level productivity, however this is not presently practised in wide manner. In the present national policy focused context of re-configured of UK based agricultural regulations following exit based on EU or European Union, sustainable manufacturing that mix improved level of productivity with cultural rise is most likely to be policy focused. This involves SI as people discuss it, so it is highly useful to recognize a list of work that can deliver progress in the direction of SI in an easy manner. The work can further be utilised as part of UK’s hard work to accomplish the second kind of sustainable development objectives, Zero Hunger. This objective consists of a target to make sure sustainable food manufacturing structures as well as executes resilient level of agricultural activities that rises productivity along with production that assist maintenance of eco-systems and that rightly improve quality of soil and land (Blaisi, 2019).

Sustainability factors

The SI priorities activities was further carried out following well designed methodologies for collaborative answers scans and priorities. Following are the three stages: 

Stage one: 

A starting of long list with particular work was part of collective of approx. forty-five members of SI research work and platforms. Defra focused SIP is a multi-partner research work explored the options as well as challenges of SI from a variety of perspective as well as landscape levels across UK and Wales, as funded by the government of UK for cultural food as well as rural work or affairs as well as the Welsh kind of government. There are number of participants, as discussed in the research consist of twenty-one academic level of research, five research farm executives, nine people from business, eight NGO and their representatives along with two representatives from government. All kind of participants are active while operating on features of agricultural sustainable characters. (Kamble et al., 2019) The researchers show a variety of important disciplines, consisting sociology, economics, cultural sciences along with life focused sciences. Every candidates advices different activities that can offer SI, that was discusses as follows: a transformation in farm focused management that is able to improve farm scale focused production as well as the farm culture. Activities can be neutral for advantageous for other kinds. For instance, they may rise the yields with no influence on production. Any transformation in farm focused management that can cause a decrease in productivity, environmental and social work at farm level scale is not discussed. The concept permits for trade-offs in implicit manner at field level scale, within a farm. This kind of trade-offs exists, for instance, when land taken out of manufacturing develops ecosystem service gains like increased pollination, that give rise to yields on the left productive land as shown in number of researches. The outcome with long list was part of organization covering nine crucial components of IFM also called as Integrated Farm Management (Ibrahim et al. 2019). 

Companies and planning 

Fertility and management of soil, 

Crop protection along with health

Controlling the pollution as well as management of many by-products

Animal husbandry

Energy effectiveness

Water management 

Societal engagement

The starting list was then distributed via network of the research as listed, utilising a snowball procedure, until three people has further returned it without any addition of any new form of items or products. Every kind of consultees were asked to add or change the operations mentioned on the list. The end list consists of approx. one hundred and ten practices, among which all nine components of IFM were shown by four community engagement practices as well as twenty-three crop protection works (Garibaldi et al., 2019). 

Stage two:

Forty-one of the starting participants recruited the top ten kind of practices from a big list of one hundred and ten, utilising the internet-based survey software focused Qualtrics. Every candidate was inquired to select approx. ten kind of practices with rising potential to offer SI, being presently feasible to execute on UK based farms however not still widely adopted, in their views or wide experience. Candidates were provided a whole flexibility over how the top ten were discussed across IFM components. Such kind of votes were part of count and the complete list was ranked as per the number of total votes for every operation. No kind of practices were eliminated at this phase. Participants were also provided with additional option to advice added kind of practices. 

Stage three: 

Thirty-six of the starting candidates met in the workplace in Cambridge in 2014. The complete list of activities was given to every candidate, printed as a part of rank order as per the number of total votes. New kind of operations when added at the time of stage two were also shown for high consideration (Faludi et al., 2019). Candidates were distinguished into three parallel work groups of twelve, each with same kind of representation of diverse industries. Every group operated in independent manner to recognize the ten options or choices from the long kind of list with the rising prospective to offer farm level scale SI, with the assistance of highly experienced helper or facilitator who was also a candidate and a rapporteur who was not part of it. 

In order to evaluate the approaches of the farmer for the priority level work, it is important to focus on queries in a wide baseline survey happened in the year 2015 as a crucial part of Defra Sustainable Intensification Research Platform. Seven kind of study focused on selected as a base of present research investment in the stage, presence of data, prospective for constructing a network to collaborate the farmers as well as shareholders and associate to agriculture-based research farms. Such phases are not anticipated as a representative focused on farming in UK and Wales, however they show many of the important agriculture land usage kinds and locations. Utilising the June Agricultural survey, farmers when coupled by robust kind of farm kind were part of selection. Six farm kinds were selected, paying attention on the farms that cover the wide level of majority of agricultural land in Wales and England. When combined together, such farm kinds shown approx. ninety six percent of every farmland in UK, in year 2015 (Ioppolo et al., 2019). The complete sample of farms as a part of every survey phase focused on stratified to show the main farm kinds in every area. Any kind of robust farm kinds accounting for less than ten percent of the complete case study phases population were excluded completely. Farms were recruited to provide ideal geographical cover of every phase. Moreover, to be part of the sample every holding had to understand the category of being commercial focused holding along with farming with a less then twenty registered holders were given as an option letter providing five kind of working days to select out of being telephonic as invited to take participation of an interview. Approx. two hundred farmers which is approx. fourteen percent of original sample opted out and approx. six hundred were cannot be contacted consisting people who unable to answer the phone or where the details of contact were found to be wrong, leaving an efficient sample of approx. seven hundred. As a crucial part of the survey, farmers were given with a list of ten focused on priority work as recognized in the workshop and asked to choose from different options as discussed below: 

Practising it already

Will focus on rising practice of it

Will not focus on doing it

Never applicable to any kind of farm 

A sert of long list of approx. eighteen sustainable intensification operations was utilised for the research, depending on many past experiences of conducting farmer work or interviews that advices the lists of more then ten items do not work ideally as a part of questionnaire. Any sample of ten of operations was selected to show the complete variety of current IFM components as well as a right balance across many right kinds of farm styles. 

Summary

The concept of sustainable intensification is based on a procedure by which agricultural level of productivity is increased while it also developed environmental and social gains. The main focus here is to recognize activities which is most likely to offer sustainable intensifications, presently present for UK farming however not still widely or majorly adopted (Linkov et al., 2019). People can compile a long list of approximately eighteen farm management work with the immense prospect to offer sustainable intensification in England, followed by a well-grown step focused method for recognizing many priorities answers, utilising a group focused decision-making tools with important agricultural specialists. The complete list of priority management work can give the main point of work or hard work to accomplish sustainable intensification or SI of agricultural practices, as UK based post Brexit agricultural regulations and can continue to second the Sustainable Development Goal, that focus to end any kind of hunger in world and further promote sustainable agriculture. The operations mainly show a technological, production-based point of views of sustainable intensification or SI consisting for instance, precision focused farming along with animal health-based diagnostics with reduced focus on social as well as environmental features of sustainability. But, they show an integrated kind of approach to farming, focusing on many diverse features, from business firm and planning, to soil as well as crop focused management, to landscape to wide conservation of nature. For any kind of subset of approx. ten of priority activities, the report collected data on the stage of present uptake in English and Welsh based farms via a stratified survey in seven focal kind of regions. The report covered major present uptake on many kind of priority activities, showing that UK based farming is a highly innovative industry. The data further recognized two particular activities for which every uptake is mainly low, however which some UK based farmers find highly appealing as well as will focus on adopting it. Such practices are based on predicting the pest along with outbreaks from diseases, mainly for livestock farming, training of staff, focusing on number of environmental or cultural challenges, mainly or specifically covering arable kind of farms as well as farming. 

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