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Project - Impact of working hours and salaries on the productivity of employees

1. Introduction

A business organization achieves its goal by the collective input provided by its employees. The employees of the organization have a common mission and vision that helps them to work in a coordinated manner towards objectives of the organization. However, in some of the organizations employees are not motivated to give their maximum productivity in terms of working hours and salary. Whereas other organizations introduce incentives and beneficial schemes in order to motivate their employees. As a matter of fact, a large number of employees are reported to quit the work place while others don't receive the job satisfaction. Very less research work has been done to measure work productivity hence this research proposal will shed light on the impact of working hours and salaries on the productivity of employees.

1.1 The research problem
The research problem is to investigate the impact of working hours and salaries on employee productivity. The proposal will design the research approach that will help to conduct further research on the study.

1.2 Purpose of the study
There are evidences that revel, rate of employee dismissal has increased in the last few years. There is no proper reason behind the mass resignation of particular companies. However this proposal will prepare research survey questions for working employees that analyze their feedback on their salary package and working hours.

1.3 Objectives of the study
• To understand the impact of salary on employee productivity
• To understand the impact of working hours on employee productivity
• To identify the motivational factors to boost employee productivity

1.4 Research questions
• Does a high payout impact on employee productivity?
• Does less working hours improves work quality?
• What are the motivational factors that are appreciated by employees to increase their work productivity?

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2 Literature review

There are many researches undertaken by researchers and scholars to study the impact of salary and working hours on employee productivity. According to Raziq and Maulabakhsh, (2015) a good salary package retains employee in workplace for long time whereas paying employees low wage de-motivates them to give their best performance. Some organizations hire employee for an attractive package but overburden the employees with flurry of tasks (Gubler et al. 2017). As a result the particular employee feels unable to adjust work life balance due to long working hours. As opined by Rubery et al. (2016) hourly wages or a base salary provides employee the security to hive best productivity. If employee appraisal is performed based on the working hours they spend is a big disincentive whereas hike in ages based on job performance is a great motivation.

Some employees have reported that they were hired for a descent hour but they are exploited by making them work for more hours (Ogbonnaya et al. 2017). As a result the employees are too exhausted to give their productivity. Prioterizing the quantity over work quality has also affected brand image of many organization. In order to motivate work productivity employers should allocate tasks as per capability of employees (Riaz et al. 2016). Paying more money to work longer makes the working environment more competitive and hostile.

According to many employees, instead of working continuously for long hours they would prefer to work on flexible shifts because working long on a regular basis is interfering with their health concern. However many data from secondary resources have shown that a number of employees prefer to work long every day for earning extra (Kuvaas et al. 2017). There are some profession that are directly associated with occupational health hazard for instance, welding factory, mining activities etc where the workers are paid very low and employed for longer time. They are doing this because working the 8 hour shift won't bring sufficient wage. Hence unless the basic needs are not fulfilled, the workers can't aim for the next complex needs.

Many organizations prefer to encourage their employees through incentives and other benefits. This is an appreciated approach among many employees. There are monetary benefits for achieving more targets hence the employer desires to take up more responsibility (Van Wingerden, Bakker, and Derks, 2017). Motivating the employees with job satisfying environment retains them for longer time and the organization can take more initiatives, for instance, launching more number of products in the market.

Maslow motivation theory

Maslow motivation theory is one of the well known influential workplace theory (Putra et al. 2017). The theory was coined by psychologist Abraham Maslow that states that every human being has a hierarchy of needs (Gardner et al. 2016). The basic psychological needs are met before climbing the next need up the hierarchy. Similarly for employees working in the organization has certain set of needs that resembles a benchmark wage that fulfils the basic requirement of the employees (Cloutier et al. 2015). On the other hand the employee should work for a certain hour that does not interfere with his esteem and social needs.

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3. The Proposed methodology

Research methodology will give a framework for the research to take place (Hege et al. 2015). For instance, it will make a route map for the researcher to select research approaches and design strategy (Wheatley, 2017). This part contains justification to select any particular source or sampling method since all types of research methodology do not correlate with this research proposal (Mostafa et al. 2015). The design, tools and sampling method will be performed by considering ethical concern and limitations.

3.1 Research design

The research design that will be applicapable for the proposal is descriptive and quantative design. Through descriptive research design the researcher will observe and interpret the data obtained without any manipulation (Kuvaas et al. 2017). Descriptive research design is a precursor to quantitative research design. It is the effective research design to know about particular group of people.

Since the research will be conducted on working employees, the research will observe and survey to record the participants in order to analyze the impact of working ours and salary from their perspective (Singh, 2016). Quantitative research design involves multiple sources that give a broader idea in research. Unlike qualitative the quantitative research will provide the researcher with accurate and authentic information.

3.2 Data sources

The data sources that will be used in the research are primary sources. Researcher will conduct a survey for employees of the organization. Researcher will prepare a likert scale containing 5 close ended questions. The employees will be forwarded the survey forms where they will provide response. The feedback collected will help the researcher to draw statistical interpretations in forms of graphs and charts.

3.3 Data collection technique

The researcher will visit a medium scale organization during the recess period of the company. The time chosen is such so that research can be conducted without hampering their working hours. 51 employees will be selected to participate in the survey. The researcher wills handover likert scale to the employees and waits half an hour for their response.

The researcher will not choose open-ended question because it will take a lot of time to interact with 51 employees individually. In addition to, the research will be conducted during official hours so permission will be taken from the authority to spare less amount of time in the survey. Data collection will be made by maintaining the confidentiality and ethical concern of the participant.

3.4 Issues of reliability and validity
The research method is chosen is quantitative because they are generally concerned with reinvestigating facts. The data obtained in quantitative research is reliable and valiable since it assumes a measurable reality. Qualitative research is more transferable, credible and dependable.

The collected data from the survey will help the researcher to interpret it statistically. For example percentage of employee agreeing with the positive impact as a result of salary hike is represented in pie chart. Graphical comparison is easier than going through many papers and journals in qualitative research.

3.5 Sampling techniques
The sample technique will involve randomly selecting employees working in an organization. The research will be performed based on primary quantitative technique. The researcher will request the employees to show their interest for the survey and among the requested employees, 51 employees will be sampled. Researcher ill ensure that the sample contains both male and female almost in a proportionate fraction. This will through light on a broader perspective of the employees. The sampling will be done in an unbiased manner where the same likert scale will be used for both the gender.

3.6 Definition of key terms
As discussed in literature review section, Maslow theory has termed some of the needs. An employee seeks to meet all the needs along hierarchy through the salary he receives and the hours he serve to the organization. For instance psychological need refers to food and thrust, safety needs refers security. Social needs include friendship and love whereas esteem need includes confidence and self respect. On top of the hierarchy is self actualization that is realizing self potential. For example, the employee can serve more hours if he gets highly paid.

3.7 Data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will forward a likert scale to 51 employees containing close ended 5 questions. The participants will mark their answers categorizing into strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. During the survey the participants will be encouraged to drop their answer under no influence. Then the researcher will collect their response in a sealed envelope without disclosing the participant name. Later onwards the researcher will interpret the data in statistical tool in form of bar graphs and pie chart.

3.8 Pilot study
The sample chosen for quantitative primary research is 51 employees. As per research norms an odd number of samples is selected. The purpose of pilot study is to access the feasibility and availability of research subject chosen. The researcher ill ensure appropriate research procedures for data collection.

4. My personal work plan

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