Task 2: Identify and Critically Analyze the 5 Main Ethical Principles to Research.
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Introduction
Today, with increased disciplines, it is found that the role of the researcher is to first determine the objective and purpose of the research and thereby conduct the research in a given operational environment. However, they need to make sure of following the different research principles, ethical values, and integrity theories so that they do not breach any Code of Ethics in a given environment (Bell&Bryman, 2007).
Ethics in research will refer to using the right rules and regulations that will allow the researcher to perform and conduct his research from the ethical perspective. He will have a moral responsibility of protecting the rights and other information of the research participants as well as will make sure of respecting the privacy, dignity, and autonomy while working in a given environment.
There is a need to engage these people in a proper and ethical way so that they not only participate at their will but will also feel protected and secured in a given environment. It is however observed that in some of the research topics, these researchers do not obtain the required consent and hence will be engaged with such academic scandals in a given environment(Bell&Bryman, 2007).
It is thereby necessary and also mandatory for them to follow the ethical principles for their research. This report will thereby identify and analyze the five major ethical principles that need to be followed while conducting the research. It will allow them to deploy acceptable behavioral values and also will ensure following of the ethical guidelines.
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Research Ethics in various Disciplines
Before conducting research, it is important for the research to deploy the key ethical principles that will gain them trust and respect from the participants at the workplace. Second, by remaining concerned about welfare, these researchers will not risk the lives of either the participants or even the animals, if required, in a given experimental study (Coughlan, Cronin, & Ryan, 2007).
Further, researchers by following these principles will remain fair and will also ensure that all the risks and benefits get shared among the participants. It will also provide them with the knowledge of what is right and what is wrong and subsequently will make them follow the ethical regulations in a given operative environment.
In addition, these researchers need to deploy ethical practices that will not only provide them to follow the general ethical principles but will also ensure that they follow the five major ethical principles of research in a given environment(Coughlan, Cronin, & Ryan, 2007).
These include - beneficence and non-maleficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justice, and respect for people' rights and dignity(Coughlan, Cronin, & Ryan, 2007). Researchers should thereby ensure that by gaining trust of the participants and by following these principles they will be able to not only complete their research but will be able to achieve desired outcomes of the research.
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Five Ethical Principles in Research
The general ethical principles in research reflect to the professional behavior that the researchers need to demonstrate with respect to the research study, participants, research environment, and research field. Also, they need to ensure that they will not cause any harm to the participants and also will inform them about the purpose of this research study.
In some of the cases of researches that involves human experimentation, animal experimentation, and also scientific studies, it is necessary for the researchers to follow these principles to not only protect these participants but also ensure that they follow the principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence (Hoonaard, 2001).
It is thereby advised by the ethics committee in majority of the nations to follow the legislation of ethics that will help the researchers gain trust of these people, focus only on their research activities, ensure generating social benefits for the community, and demonstrate sociological behavior as per the expectations.
They should avoid mistreating the people, animals or any other participants in a given research and instead act more reasonably toward them. They also need to make sure of protecting the information and following the clause of confidentiality in a given research environment. Further, these ethical principles should be applied in different fields of study such as even in the ethnographic research study (Teddlie& Yu, 2007).
It will thereby allow the researchers to generate the desired outcomes in a given research environment. Now, the five major principles that need to be followed by the researchers include - 1) Informed Consent, 2) Debrief, 3) Protection of Participants, 4) Deception, and 5) Confidentiality.
First, from the informed consent perspective, researchers need to inform the participants about the purpose of the study. Also, they need to include only those people who are eligible and capable of taking part in such research studies. In the cases wherein the focus will be on child subjects, researchers need to receive an informed consent from their parents or legal guardians.
However, if the informed consent is not possible then the researcher needs to change the research purpose and use similar group of people that will allow him to conduct the research. The participants of the given research study should thereby need to be communicated with - purpose of the research, length of time participants will participate, procedures involved, subject's right to confidentiality, subject's right to withdraw from the study, and also inform about the risks and discomforts, if any are there in a given research (Wiles et al., 2008).
Second, from the Debriefing perspective, the participants should be informed about the general rules and procedures that will be followed in a given study. They need to have a general idea on the purpose of the research and how the research will be conducted in a given environment. It will thereby install confidence among the participants and the research on the other hand will be able to conduct the study successfully.
Third, from the perspective of Protection of Participants, these researchers need to deploy security and safety mechanisms that will protect the rights of the participants. Also, these participants should be protected against all types of physical and mental harm(Wiles et al., 2008). They should not be offended, frightened, harmed or even embarrassed under different experimental conditions.
Only then the researchers will be able to manage the different risk factors in a given research environment. Fourth, from the Deception perspective, it is necessary for the researchers to be informed about the deception issue. It might happen in certain cases that the objective and purpose of the researcher will be misleading or will create ambiguity in the minds of the people(Wiles et al., 2008).
Hence, researchers need to avoid such issues and overcome any type of distress or harm in their research studies. Finally, from the Confidentiality perspective, it is important for the researchers to protect the confidentiality of the participants in a given research environment. They need to protect their personal information, respect their dignity and also ensure that they are not discriminated or harassed from the perspectives of gender, race, religion, disability, and even socioeconomic status(Wiles et al., 2008).
It is mandatory for the researchers to follow these principles and also allow the participants to withdraw their participants whenever they feel like and wish to do so. They should not be pressurized for their participation in a given research.
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Recommendations and Conclusion
Considering the principles of ethical research, it is thus mandatory for the researchers to follow these principles that will ensure safety and security of the participants. It will avoid all types of physical and mental harm under given conditions and subsequently will help them manage the major challenges in a given research environment (Yu& Cooper, 1983).
It is important for the researchers to deploy the concept of fairness and thereby implement the framework that will not only help them avoid the major risk factors but will also help in successfulcompletion of a given research study. Finally, they need to deploy monitoring mechanisms that will allow them monitor the different research strategies in a given environment. They can determine the gaps, if any and subsequently make changes in the strategies to overcome them. It will thereby ensure respect and dignity for the participants, following of the mentioned ethical principles and thereby achieve desired research outcomes.
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