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Question 1. Calculate the nominal Receive Signal Level (RSL) at the input of the receiver in dBm assuming free space conditions.

Answer:

RSL = 23 - 3 + 39.5 - 4 + 39.5 - 131.35

        = -36.35 dbm

Given

Frequency = 18 ghz = 18 x 10⁹ Hz

Output power at transmitter = 23 dbm

Branching loss - Tx to antenna = 3 db  

Branching loss - Antenna to Rx = 4db

Antenna Gain = 39.5 dBi

Distance d = 0.5 + 4.5 = 5 km

RS1 = Output power of Tx - Branching loss of Tx to antenna + Antenna gain - Branching Loss of antenna to Rx + Antenna gain - FSL (free space loss)  

FSL is calculated by using following formula

FSL = -20 log (λ/4Πd)

      = -(20 log (λ) - 20 log (4Πd))

      = - 20 log (c/F) + 20 log (4Πd))

      = - 20 log(3x10⁸/18x10⁹) + 20 log(4xΠx5x10³)

      = - 20 log(0.017) + 20 log (62831.9)

      =  35.39 + 95.96

      =  131.35

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Question 2. Briefly discuss the purpose of the passive repeater in this system?

If a reflective or refractive panelis closing to the microwave or radio, When the line of sight communication blocked by an obstacle which presents in a signal path is a passive repeater. Passive repeater is used to overcome the limitations of line of sight communication.

A well designed passive repeater will produce the maximum efficiency which is very high. Microwave signal will not easily go through the mountains or buildings, to redirect the microwave signal in tall buildings or mountains, large radio mirrors are used, these large mirrors are also known as passive repeater. This repeater doesn't need power or maintenance. passive repeater supports all types of modulations and itgives noise free signal when used by the operating system. passive repeater provides the passive gainonly and its not using the intermodulation products to the signal which will not gives the degraded signal.

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