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Assignment - Cell Cycle and Cancer Lab

Part 1 - Cell Cycle

Q1. What was your hypothesis about normal versus cancerous cells?

Answer - Normal cells have a defined growth pattern and in terms of size of the cells and the speed at which the cells of a tissue divide. Whereas the malignant cells may display an unregulated growth and vigorously divide which may result in the irregular cell shape and inequal nuclear division due to the higher rate and without proof reading mechanism in place. The chromatin and other cellular components are also inequal in quantities in all the daughter cells and hence the daughter cells as a result of mitotic division are not identical unlike the normal cell division.

Q2. Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells and cancer cells? Was your hypothesis correct? What is your conclusion?

Answer - Yes, the hypothesis stated before the analysis was correct. As the data obtained provided a further insight in to the differences in the speed of cell division between the malignant tissue and the normal tissue.

Tumorous tissue shows more number of dividing cells indicating a greater mitotic index than its counterpart. This pattern appears to be similar in all the cancers with a slight difference in the numbers.

Q3. When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio ofdividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index,normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain.

Answer - Mitotic index is relatively greaterin malignant tissue than the regular tissue which is evident, in any given time replicating cells are more and are expected to increase over time and hence the ratio. Cancerous tissue is known for its rapidly multiplying cells as the regulation of cell control is downregulated.

Q4. Different types of normal tissues in the human body have different mitotic indices. From the tissues youlooked at, which normal tissue would have the highest mitotic index?

Answer - All the normal tissues in the body show a certain degree of cell proliferation as a part of cell cycle and repair mechanism. However, some tissues such as ovarian tissue differ in their function and the level of activity in terms of generation of new cells regularly as is observed in the egg generation. And hence ovarian tissue shows highest value of mitotic index than the other organs such as lung and stomach

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Record the number of cells in each stage (out of 20 total cells)

Part 2 - Assessing Your Own Cancer Risk

Q1. What cancers did you assess your risk for?

Answer - The risk of breast cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer were assessed for.

Q2. What were your risk levels for those cancers?

Answer - Risk levels for breast cancer and colon cancer are average with an above average risk for lung cancer.

Q3. Are there any lifestyle changes you could make to lower your risk levels for these cancers?

Answer - Lung cancer risk is expected to be high with the habit of smoking both active and passive smoking. Hence, immediate cessation of smoking is recommended to lower the risk.

Q4. What are some good things about your lifestyle or family history that lower your risk for cancer?

Answer - Lifestyle habits that are estimated to have protective nature against cancers. My habits include walking for at least an hour every day, in addition to the usage of vegetable oils, low quantities of red meat per week and consumption of alcohol in limited quantities.

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