ITECH1102 Networking and Security - Network Planning Assignment, Federation University, Australia

Overview - The main objectives of this assignment are:

• To help students gain a good understanding of the IP (Internet Protocol), which is the major underlying technology of the Internet.
• To help students to understand the importance of subnet and routing of IP address.
• To encourage students to conduct an independent investigation into IP related topics from books, the Internet and through practical investigation.

Tasks - The major task is to allocate the unreserved public IPv4 addresses to different states in Australia based on the Internet users in those states. The minor task is to create a routing table for edge routers only for the state NT, WA and SA.

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Answer - NETWORK PLANNING ASSIGNMENT

1. Introduction

The Australian government has appointed a Network System Administrator to assign IP addresses to millions of hosts scattered across the country. The number of hosts per state is known in advance. The allocation must not be very wasteful - the total number of addresses assigned to a state should not exceed 1.2 times the requirement. Also, the addresses must be unique. The Network Administrator is free to use addresses from the global pool of IPv4 addresses. He must also populate the routing table entries for the edge routers R1, R2 and R3 shown in the figure.

The number of hosts in each state is known to the Network Administrator and is given below:

New South Wales (NSW) : 6 Million

Victoria (VIC) : 4 Million

Queensland (QLD) : 3 Million

Western Australia (WA) : 2 Million

South Australia (SA) : 1 Million

Tasmania (TAS) : 300 Thousand

Northern Territory (NT) : 150 Thousand

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2. Solution

We can use either classless addressing, or classful addressing. Classful addressing, however, will prove to be either too insufficient to meet the address requirement of a state, or too wasteful. For instance, class A addressing will be too wasteful, and class C addressing can meet the requirements of only small organizations that have around 250 hosts. We therefore use classless addressing, and subnet the larger network into smaller subnets.

In order to ensure that the allocation of IP addresses is not too wasteful, we often subnet a state further into smaller subnets. The remaining part of this section explains how this is done.

State NSW: (Needs 6 million addresses, max. allocation allowed = 1.2 X 6 million = 7200000)

Solution technique:

If, while subnetting, m most significant bits are allocated of the routing prefix part, and 32-m least significant bits are allocated for the host identifier part, then we will have 2^(32-m)-2 different hosts in the subnet. Since the number of hosts is known, we can easily compute m. For instance, since NSW needs 6 million addresses, we will need to allocate log_2(6 million) = 22.51 bits to the host identifier part. This means that an allocation of 22 bits will prove to be insufficient, and 23 will prove to be too wasteful. A clever strategy is then to first create a subnet with 22 bits in the host identifier part, and then create a new subnet with just as many bits reserved for the host identifier part to meet the remaining requirement.

We start with address 165.0.0.0 (randomly chosen).

We now follow the same procedure for the remaining states (subnets)

State VIC: (Needs 4 million, maximum allocation allowed =4800000)

State QLD: (Needs 3 million, maximum allocation allowed = 3600000)

We follow the same strategy, and create two more subnets here.

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State WA: (Needs 2 million, maximum allocation allowed =2400000)

Now, we have exhausted all IP addresses starting with 165. We have to start with 166.0.0.0 and repeat the above procedure.

State SA: (Needs 1 million, maximum allocation allowed =1200000)

State TAS: (Needs 300 thousand, maximum allocation allowed = 360,000)

State NT: (Needs 150 thousand, maximum allocation allowed = 180,000)

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3. Routing table entries

We have populated the routing tables for routers R1, R2 and R3 connecting the subnets WA, SA and NT to the network. The twelve interface cards numbered NIC#1 to NIC#12 have been assigned IP addresses. These are shown in Appendix A.

4. Conclusion

IP addresses were assigned to millions of hosts scattered across the country such that no two hosts were allocated the same addresses. Care was taken to ensure that the address allocation was not very wasteful - The total number of addresses assigned to a state never exceeded 1.2 times the requirement for the state. We used classless addressing and IPv4. The routing table entries were generated for three of the seven edge routers.

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5. Appendix A

The following table lists the IP addresses for the network interface cards to connect NT, WA and SA:

The following tables describe the routing tables entries for routers R1, R2 and R3.

Routing table for R1

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Routing table for R2

Routing table for R3

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