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Genetic Diversity Assignment - One of the most important results of meiosis (as opposed to mitosis) is genetic diversity. Therefore, read this very short article about what can happen when there is no genetic diversity: Genetic Diversity Article - Monoculture and the Irish Potato Famine: cases of missing genetic variation. Similar banking is also being done with animals (frozen semen, eggs, embryos). Summarize and give your opinion.
Answer -
Every individual receives genetic information from both the parents however we often see that the offspring possess slightly different traits from any of the parents. This different in the features is caused due to the differential gene expression and further generations of this offspring receive random genes which generates Genetic Diversity. In the absence of the Genetic diversity all the individuals would be identical to each other rendering them vulnerable to any chemical, biological and physical factors. The article about the Irish famine highlights the importance of this phenomenon. Identical potato plants (lumpers) are produced through the vegetative propagation, a pathogen known as Phytoptherainfestansis capable of infesting this species, rapidly affected large amount of this crop leading to famine. In the case of genetically diverse population within the crop would have prevented this level event.
Agricultural advancement led to the selection of few varieties of crops with better yields and other favorable qualities. The same is the case of Modern-day banana known as cavendish variety belong to a single species with clearly no genetic variation i.e. they have similar genetic composition. These were developed from a mutant strain of the wild bananas for their taste. Commercial production of bananas has exposed them to large number of pests and insects in close proximity in the fields. Insects breed the pathogens and are potentially harmful to bananas. The major crisis arises from the monoculture of the bananas where all the plants are identical and hence are equally at risk of disease infestation.
The Global scenario is shifting rapidly and is on a deteriorating path. Scientists realized the need for the storage of the currently used plant seeds for the future generations. In 2004 an International treaty on Plant Genetic resources was formulated with a main agenda to conserve the plant species for the sustainable future. All the countries across the globe are expected to share the resources in the event of a crisis. Svalbard is situated between the Norway and North pole. It is an island and is well protected from the natural elements. The seed vault is built into a mountain and the natural weather provides a long-term storage facility for the seeds. It holds 8,50,000 varieties of seeds.
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