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MITS5004 IT Security - Victorian Institute of Technology
Research and Presentation on security vulnerability tools using Kali Linux
Introduction
Kali Linux is operating system that is used by security professionals to check the vulnerabilities, carry out forensic research and penetration testing. It provides a number of tools to support the security professionals such as sql map, Hydra, Z attack proxy and many more tools. One of the powerful tool of kali linux is sql map.Sql map is a tool of kali linux that is used to check the vulnerabilities of a website and administrator can protect itself from intruder attacks if the website is vulnerable to attacks like sql injection. Sql map is a open software that is used for the penetration testing of a website. We can also access the database of a website and other files contained in the website with the help of sql map tool. This tool is pre installed in the kali linux operating system.
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Features of the Sql map tool
Sql map tool comes with a strong detection engine that helps us to check the vulnerabilities of a website and protect the user from intruder attacks. It provides handful of features to its client. It supports a number of database management systems like sql server, Microsoft access, xamp, db2, sqlite, firebird and many more database management systems. It also supports many sql injection techniques such as time based blind, nested queries, queries involving union operations, out of band queries and technique that is based on error detection. With the help of sql map user can get connected to database directly without using sql injection .User has to provide small details only like name of the database that he wants to access , username and password of the database management system he wants to access and IP address of the device. By using sql map user can find the roles and users of the accessed database, tables contained in the database , username and passwords of the various users, columns contained in the tables and privileges granted to different users. Users can also recognize which type of hashing technique is used for encoding different passwords and decode the passwords using the particular has key with dictionary attack. Sql map provides admin with the option of dropping the whole database or few tables of the database . User can also dump columns of particular tables or specific entries of the selected table. We can run select query with the help of sql map as when we want to access particular database from a range of databases or when we want to search for a required table in the selected database or when we want to see records of particular table For example:- show the name of users that have password as 2345. Sql map will fetch the data of all the users that have 2345 as their passwords.In some of the database management systems like Microsoft sql server , Postgre sql and Mysql , it also provide the facility of uploading and downloading files from the server by accessing the file system of the project it also provide the graphical user interface for running various commands on the database and fetching the output to see the result of the executed command. This feature is supported only in few database management systems like mysql, postgre sql and sql server. It also provides the facility of saving all the queries and their outputs that are run on database management system even if the queries have partial outputs. It also makes transmission control protocol connection between the machine on which attack is attempt and the database server. It also helps to handle the process of granting privileges to various users. Sql map is a powerful tool for undertaking the penetration testing of a information systems and checking various vulnerabilities associated with the project.
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Techniques used by the sql map to exploit vulnerabilities of the information system
Sql map is able to work with 5 sql injection techniques named as time based blind ,union query based, error based blind, Boolean based blind and the stacked queries. Sql map uses various google dorks to exploit the vulnerabilities such as inurl:item_id, inurl:page_id, inurl:pagename.php?id= and many more. To check vulnerabilities we follow the below steps:-
Step 1
To check the whether a particular website is vulnerable or not. We search for the URL of the website on google with one of the google dorks. For example:-inurl:page_id
Once we get the id from the google search results then we will use the sql map to find which databases are used by the websites.
Step 2
Now, we will run the command with following syntax in the sql map to fetch the name of the databases uses by the target URL.
Sqlmap -u "url of the website with its id got from google results" --dbs
Here, sql map refers to the file of sql map which will run the above command.
-u refers to the url whose vulnerabilities are to be checked
--dbs fetch the databases of the website whose vulnerabilities are to be checked
This step will give the name of the database as result which will be used in the further steps to fetch the tables.
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Step 3
After fetching the database name of the " target URL" , we will find the tables contained the database using the following command:-
sqlmap -u "target url" -D "database name fetched in step 2 " ---tables
This command will return the name of the tables contained in the database which are used in further steps to fetch the names of the columns contained in the database.
Step 4
Now, we have the name of the tables so, our next task is to fetch the name of the columns contained in the different columns. To fetch the names of the columns, we use the following command:-
sqlmap -u "target url" -D "database name fetched in step 2 " -T "table name fetched in step 3" -columns
This command will return the user with the names of the columns along with their data types.
Step 5
We have got the name of the columns, Now, our next step is to fetch the entries contained in the table.
sqlmap -u "target url" -D "database name fetched in step 2 " -T "table name fetched in step 3" -C "column name" -dump
We will get the data contained in the named column. Now , we may get hashed output so, we will need to crack hashed output.
Experimental setup and evidence of usage of the tool
Start the sqlmap software in kali linux.
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