Maternal Exposure Assignment Help

Summarize the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the article content.

Correlate the content of the article with the subject matter of a lesson covered in the course. Explain how the textbook helped you understand the article. Did the article agree with or contradict the textbook?

Give your opinion on the content of the article. Explain how the content of the article impacts you, your family and friends. Relate the content of the article to real life by answering two or more of the following questions:

• Did the article make you aware of things you had not thought of before?

• Did the article change your mind about the topic?

• Was the article about something you have experienced personally?

• Did the article address ethical or public policy issues?

• Do you agree or disagree with information presented in your article?

Never be caught in plagiarism, Avail Maternal Exposure assignment help service of Expertsminds.comand save higher marks!

According to Paige Lawrence a researcher at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Environmental Medicine, the immune system becomes vulnerable in presence of infections. Especially during pregnancy, it is crucial to keep yourself away from infections such as influenza virus. These infections can be due to number of reasons such as water pollution, industrial pollution and many environmental toxins present in the environmental. This issue is seriously raised in an article labeled “Environmental toxins impair immune system over multiple generations” in science news.In his research for the first time he claimed that pollutants can also affect human nervous, reproductive, and pulmonology system functions for coming generations. The claimed matter is quite shocking and needs a lot of attention as it does not only affect the current generation but also have worse effect on the upcoming generation. The whole research was published in the Cell press journal of science.

There is a famous saying “what you ate today, it will reflect tomorrow”. It means that whatever things you are doing today it will come to you when you will become old. This scenario doesn’t stop here, according to the author whatever you are today is surely due to what your grandmother ate. The primary reason for your immune system is your and your ancestor’s habit. This multi-generational loosen strength of the human immune system can help to reveal changes that happened during seasonal and pandemic flu episodes. Vaccines play important role in extra protection in some humans that actually enhance the immune capability and protect the multi-generation deficiency in the nervous system. At the same place human without vaccine protection becomes severely ill and with this reason this infection occurs in most of the population. However, in old age.this virus mutations are more serious only for the present generation, but it comes from the previous generation. It means that old age one doesn’t participate in the generic deficiency of human system. 

Given article in this work aware of the genetic deficiency on the human immune system and is also useful to study the many diseases that happen due to this. This work also empowers the use of vaccine and how it saves your future generations. After reading this article I am now more careful about my eating habits and my routine that will not only make me healthy but also will be beneficial for my coming generations. I can relate this research to the surrounding people, I can observe why some people have better immune system and why some people become ill very easily. I also aware of environmental cleanness that isthe main reason for infections. The work presented by author will be useful for the human care system. I completely agree with the author and I feel that there should be more research in the concerned field.

Environmental toxins impair immune system over multiple generations

New research shows that maternal exposure to a common and ubiquitous form of industrial pollution can harm the immune system of offspring and that this injury is passed along to subsequent generations, weakening the body's defenses against infections such as the influenza virus.

The study was led by Paige Lawrence, Ph.D., with the University of Rochester Medical Center's (URMC) Department of Environmental Medicine and appears in the Cell Press journal iScience. The research was conducted in mice, whose immune system function is similar to humans.

"The old adage 'you are what you eat' is a touchstone for many aspects of human health," said Lawrence. "But in terms of the body's ability to fights off infections, this study suggests that, to a certain extent, you may also be what your great-grandmother ate."

While other studies have shown that environmental exposure to pollutants can have effects on the reproductive, respiratory, and nervous system function across multiple generations, the new research shows for the first time that the immune system is impacted as well.

This multigenerational weakening of the immune system could help explain variations that are observed during seasonal and pandemic flu episodes. Annual flu vaccines provide some people more protection than others, and during pandemic flu outbreaks some people get severely ill, while others are able to fight off the infection. While age, virus mutations, and other factors can explain some of this variation, they do not fully account for the diversity of responses to flu infection found in the general population.

"When you are infected or receive a flu vaccine, the immune system ramps up production of specific kinds of white blood cells in response," said Lawrence. "The larger the response, the larger the army of white blood cells, enhancing the ability of the body to successfully fight off an infection. Having a smaller size army -- which we see across multiple generations of mice in this study -- means that you're at risk for not fighting the infection as effectively."

In the study, researchers exposed pregnant mice to environmentally relevant levels of a chemical called dioxin, which, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is a common by-product of industrial production and waste incineration, and is also found in some consumer products. These chemicals find their way into the food system where they are eventually consumed by humans. Dioxins and PCBs bio-accumulate as they move up the food chain and are found in greater concentrations in animal-based food products.

The scientists observed the production and function of cytotoxic T cells -- white blood cells that defend the body against foreign pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, and seek out and destroy cells with mutations that could lead to cancer -- was impaired when the mice were infected with influenza A virus. This weakened immune response was observed not only in the offspring of the mice whose mothers where exposed to dioxin, but in the subsequent generations, including as far out as the rodent equivalent of great-grandchildren. The researchers also found that this effect was more pronounced in female mice.

The study authors' hypothesis that the exposure to dioxin -- which binds a protein in cells called AHR -- in some fashion alters the transcription of genetic instructions. The exposure itself does not trigger a genetic mutation, rather the cellular machinery by which genes are expressed is altered and this phenomenon is passed onto subsequent generations.

Additional co-authors of the study include Christina Post, Catherine Burke, Lisbeth Boule, Colleen O'Dell, and Bethany Williams with URMC. The study was supported with funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Science.