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Unit 01: Programming Assignment - Design and Implement a GUI based system using a suitable Integrated Development Environment

Learning Outcomes -

LO1. Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation and outline the process of programming an application.

LO2. Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-orientated and event-driven programming, conduct an analysis of a suitable Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

LO3. Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.

LO4. Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding standard

Solution - Programming-Assignment

Executive Summary

This assignment focuses on Design and Deployment of a GUI based system using a suitable IDE- Integrated Development Environment by proposing basic algorithm to perform a function and to specify the application programming process and describes the procedural, event driven and object oriented programming characteristics along with right IDE analysis for programming all these concepts and represents the deployment of basic algorithm in code with an IDE. At last the debugging process is determined to specify the need of coding standard.

Part 1 - 1.1 Define what an algorithm is and outline the characteristics of a good algorithm. Develop algorithms for linear search and binary search using Pseudo code.

1.2 Describe the steps involved in the process of writing and executing a program. Take an array of 10 or more elements and dry run the above two algorithms. Show the outputs at the end of each iteration and the final output.

1.3 Define what Big-O notation is and explain its role in evaluating efficiencies of algorithms. Write the Python program code for the above two algorithms and critically evaluate their efficiencies using Big-O notation.

Answer - 1.1 An algorithm and an outline of a good algorithm characteristics

An algorithm is a sequential way of solving a problem and mainly employed for calculation, data processing and other computational tasks.

A good algorithm possesses the characteristics like finiteness, precise definition or definiteness, uniqueness, unambiguous specification and finally it should provide optimum solution with efficiency.

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An algorithm for binary search and linear search with Pseudo code

The pseudo code of linear search algorithm is as follows

procedure linear (list, value)

for each variable in the list

if match variable == value

return the location of variable

end if

end for

end procedure

The pseudo code of binary search algorithm is as follows

Procedure binary

s <- sorted array

n <- array size

x <- searching value

set value of lower bound as 1

set value of upper bound as n

while x not exist

if value of upper bound < value of lower bound

exit: as x not exists

set middle point = lowerbound value + ( upper bound value - lower bound value) / 2

if s[middle point] <x

set lowerbound value = middle point +1

if s[middle point]>x

set upperbound value = middle point -1

if s[middle point] = x

exit: x exists in the location middle point

end while

end procedure

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1.2 The steps involved in the process of writing and executing a program

Try to understand the problem to solve

Decide the appropriate solution

Flow chart to be drawn

Write pseudo code and code the program

Debug and test the program

Execute and launch the program

Dry Run of above two algorithms

Dry run of binary search algorithm

Dry run of linear search Algorithm

1.3 Big O notations and its impact in measuring the algorithm efficiencies

Big O notation is a mathematical notation and statistical measure employed to explain the algorithm complexity or categorise algorithm as per the space requirements or program running time grow as the input grows. Its role is a kind of measurement to assist designers to estimate or evaluate the code or script efficiency that is the time taken to run the program

Python code for above two algorithm and its efficiency evaluation using Big O notation Linear Search Program in Python and its complexity

def lsearch (arra, x):

for index in range (len(arra)):

if arra[i] == x:

return i

return -1

The time complexity of the search is O (n)

Binary Search Program in Python and its complexity

The time complexity of the search is log₂ (n)

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Part 2 - 2.1 Define what is meant by a Programming Paradigm. Explain the main characteristics of Procedural, Object oriented and Event-driven paradigms and the relationships among them.

2.2 Write small snippets of code as example for the above three programming paradigms using a suitable programming language(s).

2.3 Critically evaluate the code samples that you have above in relation to their structure and the unique characteristics.

Answer - 2.1 Programming Paradigm

Characteristics of Procedural, Event Driven and Object Oriented Paradigms and their relationships

A programming paradigm is an approach or method or style or way to solve a problem using a programming language.

The procedural language is a language emphasis on the procedure or follows set of commands in order. For an instance C. BASIC

The OOL object oriented language is a collection of real world objects and classes. It is organised around objects. For an instance Java

The EDP event driven programming language is the flow of execution of program which is specified by events. For an instance Visual Basic

The relation among those lanagauges is that in object oriented, the control moves from one object to another with event driven and both OOP and EDP are procedural.

2.2 Sample Snippets of code for the above three paradigms using apt programming languages

The procedural code snippets from C language

The object oriented code snippets from java language

The event driven code snippets from VB language

2.3 Critical Evaluation of the above samples related to their unique characteristics and structure

For procedural, c code is deployed, for object oriented, java code is given and for event driven, VB code is given. All the code represented is procedural and the procedural c is structural also. The object oriented code is event driven also and based on Object oriented programming concepts like objects, classes, polymorphism, message passing, abstraction, inheritance, and encapsulation the event driven is object based lanagauge.

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Part 3 - 3.1 Design suable algorithms for vehicle tariff calculation for rents and hires. Ideally 3 functions should be developed for this purpose as follows:

Function 1: Rent calculation. Return the total rent_value when vehicle_no, rented_date, return_date, with_driver parameters are sent in. with_driver parameter is set to true or false depending whether the vehicle is rented with or without driver.

Function 2: Day tour - hire calculation. Calculate total hire_value when vehicle_no, package_type, start_time, end_time, start_km_reading, end_km_reading parameters are sent in. Should return base_hire_charge, waiting_charge and extra_km_charge as output parameters.

Function 3: Long tour - hire calculation. Calculate total hire_value when vehicle_no, package_type, start_date, end_date, start_km_reading, end_km_reading parameters are sent in. Should return base_hire_charge, overnight_stay_charge and extra_km_charge as output parameters.

3.2 Implement the above algorithms using visual studio IDE (using C#.net) and design the suitable database structure for keeping the tariffs for vehicle types and different packages which must be used for implementing the above functions.

3.3 Analyze the features of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and explain how those features help in application development. Evaluate the use of the Visual Studio IDE for your application development contrasted with not using an IDE.

Answer - 3.1 Algorithm designing for Vehicle Tariff Calculation for hires and rents with principally 3 functions

First Function: Rent Calculation

It should pass the parameter as vehicle number, date of rent, return date along with driver details and the driver details are set to true / false based on the vehicle rental with or without driver and it should return the amount of total rent value

Second Function: Hire Calculation of Day Tour

This function is required to calculate the total hire value once the vehicle number, start date, end time, package type, initial kilometre reading, end kilometre reading parameters are fixed in. It must return the basic hire charges, extra kilometre charge and waiting charge as output parameters.

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Third Function: Hire Calculation of Long Tour

This function is required to calculate the total hire value once the vehicle number, start date, end time, package type, initial kilometre reading, end kilometre reading parameters are fixed in. It must return the basic hire charges, extra kilometre charge and overnight staying charge as output parameters

class vehicle

{

public static void main()

{

public double rent_calculation(veh_no, rent_date, ret_date, dri_no,dri_naem,phone)

{

weeklyrent=7000;

dailyrent=600;

dailydrivercost=500;

daysrented= ret_date - rent_date;

totalcost = daysrented*dailyrent *dailydrivercost;

return totalcost;

}

public double day_ hire_calculation(veh_no, st_date, end_date, pack_type, init_read, end_read)

{

//pack1 = 100km/ day +6hrs /day

pack1=2000;

//pack2= 200km/day+10hrs/day

pack2=3500;

extra=200;

totaldaycost = pack1||pack2 * extra;

return totaldaycost;

}

public double long_hire_calculation(veh_no, st_date, end_date, pack_type, init_read, end_read)

{

//pack1 = 100km/ day +6hrs /day

pack1=2000;

//pack2= 200km/day+10hrs/day

pack2=3500;

extra=200;

dri_night_allow=250;

veh_night_park=200;

totallongcost = pack1||pack2 * extra *dri_night_allow*veh_night_park;

return totallongcost;

}

}

}

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3.2 Implementation of the algorithm in visual Studio IDE

The Visual Studio IDE allows code to edit, debug, build and run. It supports feature rich program which is employed for software development in an easy way. This IDE offers common editor, compiler, debugger, graphics designer and other features to make the software development ease

Designing right structure of database for maintaining vehicle tariffs and various packages that are employed for deploying above functions

The vehicle fare calculation uses the tables like tariff details and packages details which structure are explored beneath

Table name: Tariff_Details

Table name: Package_Details

3.3 IDE features analysis

An IDE has code editor, debugger, compiler, interpreter and which are assessable through a GUI graphical user interface component in a user friendly way

The way the features employed in application development.

An IDE allows designers to combine various aspects of code and it supports in enhancing the productivity, source code edit, executable building and debugging, offers many development oriented tools as single framework, service or application and simplifies the role of software development and reduces the code typo errors and other mistakes

The employment of Visual Studio IDE for application development contrast to not employing an IDE

The deployment of code rely on many IDE like Visual Studio, Eclipse, etc, In the report , Visual Studio IDE is used which allows to code program , websites, web services, console apps, mobile apps, web apps, etc. When an IDE is not deployed, it is very tedious to write code, compile, debug, test and execute the program in a single clickable way

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Part 4 - 4.1 Design and build a small system to calculate vehicle hire amounts and record them in a database for customer billing and management reporting for Ayubo drive. This includes the completing the database design started in 3.2 and implementing one or more GUIs for vehicle, vehicle type, and package add/edit/delete functions. It essentially requires an interface for hire calculation and recording function described above. Generating customer reports and customer invoices are not required for this course work.

4.2 What is debugging an application? Explain the features available in Visual studio IDE for debugging your code more easily. Evaluate how you used the debugging process to develop more secure, robust application with examples.

4.3 Explain the coding standards you have used in your application development. Critically evaluate why a coding standard is necessary for the team as well as for the individual.

Answer - 4.1 Building a small system

This system development is performed to find vehicle rental or hiring amount and recording the data in a database for clients billing and managing report generation for the Ayubo. It incorporates design of a database, deployment of GUIs for vehicle, vehicle category and package manipulation functions like add, modify and delete. It includes a basic interface for vehicle rental or hire calculation and recording operation as elaborated above

4.2 Application Debugging

The process of application debugging offers developing app in debug way and launches the application in a device

Features existing in visual Studio IDE for debugging purposes

In Visual Studio debug is done through the key press F5 or debug -> start debugging in the debug toolbar and it runs to the initial breakpoint which it meets

In the debugger, staying on the line of code till the run is clicked

Evaluation on the way of using debugging process to enhance robustness, more secure application with samples

The debugging process may support to design more secure code and also improves the application robustness as the debugging is a process of reaction and it's good manner to enhance robustness and security along with testing process to improve perfection of the application.

4.3 The standards of coding employed in the development of an application

The coding standard is an essential factor of software development. It ensures that the code developer is working on the application is undergoing specific guidelines for easy understanding and maintenance of proper consistency

Critical evaluation on the need of coding standards for an individual as well as team efficiency

The coding standards define the style of programming and it does not concern usually right or wrong in a conceptual sense. It specifies a collection of rules and instructions for the source code formatting.

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