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Question 1: What is the difference between the distinctive feeling and attitudinal accounts of pleasure?

The distinctive feeling theory of pleasure lays down that, a particular experience will qualify to be pleasant or unpleasant; for that matter, it will have to involve a distinctive kind of feeling. This distinctive kind of feeling can be understood as ‘the feeling of pleasure itself’. This theory, in its extension, indicates that pleasure is the “single simple feature that makes experiences good and attractive to the extent it is present.” Such psychological and normative factors essentially constitute the concept of “hedonism”. According to Lin(2018), the attractiveness and goodness of pleasure along with the downside of pain is taken to explain the entire spectrum of motivation, normative practical reasonsand human value. 

The attitudinal account of pleasure is put forth by Externalists, which indicate that experience and feeling can be pleasurable or otherwise depending on the attitude harboured by the individual towards such experience or feeling. The distinction between pleasure as ‘feeling’ and pleasure as ‘attitude’ that, in the former instance, if the word ‘feeling’ is understood in a restricted manner, then pleasure will mean something the individual can ‘really feel or sense'. However, the attitudinal feeling is distinct from the sensory perception (Skidelsky 2017).

Question 3: What is meant by the philosophical term “well-being” and how does this differ from the ordinary language usage of the term?

The philosophical term “well-being” has been conceptualised to describe what is ultimately good ‘for’ an individual.The elements that constitute the philosophical concept of “well-being” is of independent interest but it encompasses the moral imperative that "well-being" is to be maximised. As opined by Campbell (2015), this concept also takes into account the adverse aspects of an individual's life. Hence, "well-being" in the philosophical context may also refer to an individual, whose life remains in agony. In such an instance, "well-being" amounts to negative in the manner that, the individual’s life is worse for him or her than no life at all. The related concept to “well-being” is welfare which indicates how an individual is faring as a whole. It relates to the balance between the adverse and good things in life. The application of the philosophical concept of “well-being” focuses on the notion that, the life of an individual is ‘good for’ him or her. The ordinary usage of the term relates to the state of health. The philosophical concept is far broader, and the health aspect is only a constitutive element. Health, alone, does not cover all that matters for the well-being of an individual (Campbell 2015).