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DBA 8310 - Business Ethics - University of the Incarnate Word
Question: Prepare Presentation on Ethical Issues Caused by Social Networks on Delayed Childhood Vaccination and Policies in the United States.
Answer:
Ethical Issues Caused by Social Networks on Delayed Childhood Vaccination and Policies in the United States
Introduction
The vaccine uptake rate has reduced over the years.
It is also observed that children get delayed vaccination or no vaccination at all.
The determinants of vaccination among parents are getting complex as they cite numerous reasons - medical, religious and cost effectiveness. However, the advantage is underestimated.
Anti-vax movement
Evolution of anti-vax movement
Back in 18th century, vaccination was termed dangerous practice of inoculation that is also sinful.
Later, the anti-vaccination league that was developed in London aimed to invade the compulsory vaccination laws and spread strong reasons against vaccination.
Anti-vaccination turned into a movement/propaganda where British parents considered that there is a relationship between vaccine and autism.
Wakefield's breach of ethics
What worsened anti-vax movement is the claims made by British researcher and doctor named Andrew Wakefield. He has highlighted that there is a link between measles vaccine (MMR) and autism.
As he established his results, there were ethical conflicts of interest as his results had no evidences and he had committed false comment due to funding received from litigants unethically.
His position of trust remained as a question but his statements circulated rapidly.
Medical reasons for not vaccinating
Medical exemptions are cited commonly by parents to avoid vaccination for their children.
According to History of Vaccines (2018), there are 3 instances when the child should not be vaccinated.
The child develops allergic reaction to vaccines.
If the child is already undergoing medications for heart or lung diseases or cancer, vaccinating further can repair the immune system.
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Religious reasons for not vaccinating : Christianity
It is astonishing to see how each religion has different objections against vaccination. Here is the list:
Few schools of Christianity are against vaccination and this also includes congregation of universal wisdom.
In fact, churches deny vaccination meant for sexually transmitted diseases (STD).
Religious reasons for not vaccinating : Islam and Judaism
While these religious accept vaccines from pigs, they do not encourage those derived from halal.
Aceh denies vaccination with an animal source in it. This is due to the Shariah law passed by the state.
Imams of Nigeria state that polio vaccines affect fertility rates of Muslim men.
Personal beliefs for not vaccinating
While religious and medical reasons are quite acceptable, here comes the list of personal beliefs that have been imposed on others thereby increasing the number of unvaccinated people.
Government and big pharma are insisting on vaccines to make money
Healthy lifestyle is sufficient to lead a vaccine-free life.
Some mothers feel that prolonged breastfeeding can improve immunity of the baby.
Impacts of anti-vax movement
The first impact was a drop in the overall vaccination rate.
The second impact is multiple breakouts of measles in different parts of the West.
The final impact is the need for government to excessively spend towards protection of people (who have not been vaccinated) from major illnesses that are contagious.
Current needs for immunization
At the moment, the immunization schedule encourages everyone to get vaccinated against all the 16 major diseases such as:
polio
Diphtheria
Tetanus
whooping cough
Measles
mumps and rubella
chickenpox
hepatitis A and B
flu
Haemophilus influenzae
type b
pneumococcal and meningococcal diseases;
Rotavirus
cervical cancer due to papillomavirus
Measles outbreak: Analysis
Reasons for measles outbreak
According to CDC (2019), there are a few reasons for high rate of measles outbreak this year.
More number of people continued to remain unvaccinated.
Travellers who are already suffering from measles travel to US and spread it further.
Measles is common.
Natural immunity vs vaccination
A lot of parents have claimed that natural immunity is healthiest and vaccination can only be called as induced immunity.
Here is the comparison:
Social media and ethical issues
Circulation of erroneous information: Examples
One good example to begin this section is the study by Wakefield where he has compromised ethics for a personal benefit.
People receive false information about vaccines but they fail to know that they were sent by attorneys in order to sue vaccines in the market. This leads to conflicts of interest. Perhaps, it compromises the moral values associated with information sharing.
Ethical issues posed by social media
Here are the moral values compromised when information is circulated in social media platforms:
Honesty
Accountability
Fairness
Respect
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Anti-vaxxers, social media and ethics
Social media is the tool for false propaganda by anti vaxxers. They perhaps increase amount of inaccurate information.
Unvaccinated people are never informed about risk.
Safety of newborns is not covered.
MMR is the primary target.
Platforms like Facebook and Instagram are available for free of cost to share information.
Anti-vaxxers use Facebook groups, websites and other similar platforms to share baseless information.
Negative impacts of misinformation
Misinformation gets quickly spread and truth gets covered up.
People fail to become rational in taking decisions.
Parents increase chances of disease attacks to their children. Measles outbreak is an example.
Delayed childhood vaccination
Gilkey et al (2016) highlights that parental hesitancy is the reason for delayed childhood vaccination.
By the time parents know the truth, it is already delayed and important schedules are missed.
Need for early vaccination for children
For improved immunity
For better mental health
To reduce the governmental spending towards outbreaks
To improve the overall standard of living
To reduce healthcare costs spent by a family
Is pick and choose vaccine right?
Definitely, not!
It increases vulnerability to unknown diseases.
Use schedule prescribed by WHO.
Cost effectiveness of vaccination
Affordable living
Better quality of life
No contraction of diseases
Perhaps, a cost effective approach.
Vaccination requirements
School requirements
All 50 states have legislation in schools.
Exemptions are appropriate under religious and medical reasons.
Insurance requirements
Health insurances cover vaccinations.
Affordable care act is in place.
Federal programs
Vaccines for Children Program: Federally funded
Inoculates children whose parents cannot afford insurance
No charges for immunization
State programs
Vaccines for Children Program: Mandatory part of every state's Medicaid plan
Functional across all 50 states and territories
Conclusion
We have state, federal and insurance arrangements to vaccinate every child but it only requires cooperation of parents to vaccinate at an early stage.
Social media misuse will have to be curbed.
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