Enterprise Systems ePortfolio Assignment -

Learning Outcomes -

• Evaluate and Integrate several information sources in analysing Enterprise Systems.
• Describe the role of enterprise systems as part of the larger IT infrastructure of large scale organisations.
• Identify relevant considerations in the implementation of Enterprise Systems.
• Demonstrate communication skills to present a coordinated, coherent and independent exposition of knowledge and ideas in dealing with Enterprise Systems.

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Enterprise Systems Assessment Task - Write a team report on the research topic - Enterprise Systems' integration with Internet of Things (loT).

Answer - Enterprise System's Integration With IoT

Introduction

Enterprise management knows that long term success in this era of economic and technological changes needs a new aspect of operating. For an organization in a country, the productivity in a business is the key part to determine the growth. The global business functions have been changed by the IoT by integrating the actual and virtual areas of production through the Internet.

The development and implementation of IoT have been proved as a critical factor in manufacturing. Entrepreneurs and managers believe that it is possible to attain equipped and business distinction in their companies using the IoT. IoT allows connecting each section in an enterprise and its production systems, such as machines, material, methods, and stakeholders, thus giving a great potential to boost the productivity and effectiveness in a business with its improved abilities.

In this report, a study has been carried out using IoT and its integration with Enterprise systems. The study aims to build the IoT framework to provide current literature by discussing a set of strategies, benefits, issues, and implementation of IoT in enterprise systems, resource planning, and manufacturing industries. To establish the research topic, case studies and supportive reviewed articles has been carried out within this paper.

Internet of Things or IoT

IoT or Internet of Things is cyber-physical devices that can function in any circumstance by its sensing, processing and communication abilities. The system of communication over the Internet has been simplified and enhanced communication around the world day by day allow the share of vast data across the billions of people. This technique is escalating among people and organizations to incorporate devices to let users share information over these IoT devices. As a result, the IoT has a very important role to the general consumers as well as on the Enterprises. It creates transparency and optimizes the logistics and production with the complete value chain.

Software powered devices will take a key role in the future industry, making the integration of IoT is very crucial in a business model to take different moves. To automate the transactions with these technique enterprises needs to use sensors and connect with multiple devices. IoT is a system where physical items and sensors in them, are connected to the Internet to share data. It also gathers and interacts with data from devices, connected to the living and non-living objects. IoT will connect everything from daily gadgets to industrial equipment that range from automobiles to medical devices. (Lee & Lee 2015)

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Integration with Enterprise system

The industries are moving from individual systems to the integrated system. A service-oriented architecture or SOA has been proposed to integrate IoT into Enterprise system and services. The layers in this architecture are Service management, Application interface, Security, Device management, platform, and devices. This theory also proves that IoT devices can handle all integrated enterprise services. A domain made of IoT and legacy system highlights that SOA is a key to integrate IoT in large-scale systems in enterprises. Classification of IoT services based on the physical interaction of the devices supposed that SOA may offer integrated services made of business process tools like enterprise resource planning system. The devices are proposed to use as resources for documentation and automation purposes. A business process architecture, which uses web service technologies, can implement and enhance the IoT system to present the system to trace a supply chain. (Lu & Cecil, 2016)

Benefits of IoT Integration

To gain the advantages, efficiency, productive workforce, IoT can lead the enterprises to the following benefits-

• Data Security and data access to develop security mechanism.
• Data security for client-server interaction and while data is on the client's storage.
• Data management and application management.
• Companies can gather information about customer's habits and choices to offer a customized experience.
• Identifying issues, faster product development, and personalized marketing benefits.
• Processes, like supply chain optimization and management, can be optimized more efficiently.
• IoT can be used to get information about the demand for products. (Tang et al. 2017)

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Limitations of IoT in Enterprise integration:

However, this next-generation technology has many benefits in business and manufacturing units, it comes with some major limitations, such as-

• Technical limitations, which include addressing and sensing issues, network issues, routing protocol, and traffic control issues and data buffering problems.
• IoT depends upon software and thus software and algorithm issues are a major constraint.
• Security and privacy issues while accessing, processing or transferring data.
• Communication issues are a big drawback in IoT integration.
• Pubic electricity is the primary source of energy in IoT and the power managenment technologies are ran by specific requirements. Thus it needs a suitable energy source.
• It needs to find better compatible ways for IoT systems to work with legacy systems.
• Device management is still a big problem for IoT implantation.
• The waste management for e-waste has been one of the major problems regarding the new technologies and IoT is not an exception.
• Social issues like user acceptance, educational trainings and privacy issues can be identified as the big issues for IoT to integrate with people.
• Governance is still absent in different regions regarding IoT.
• (Alansari et al., 2018)

IoT Classification and Application in Enterprise System

Network connected IoT devices work with sensors, collects, and processes everyday usage data from any connected system, such as wearable devices, smartphones, cars, etc. Thus IoT can be classified in three layers comprising Server elements, Communication access, and Devices. A figure is presented below- (Mishra et al. 2016)

Fig: 1: IoT classification and applications

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Discussion

Literature Review

Introduction

In order to understand a research on enterprise systems integration with IoT and its role in the enterprise organization, this will remove the gap between the IT systems and the real world. A study on the existing and the past literature on the subject enhance the insight of the researcher into the matter. This section discusses several related aspects in detail, such as the characteristics of IoT of providing effective information, as well as in depth foresight into the opportunities emerges in enterprise services.

Past Peer Review

Service Oriented IoT

The IoT is no longer a technology that control handful of high end internet connected appliances. It's now commonly used in all types of devices. As we are inclining more towards the Internet of Things, numbers of devices will be interconnected, providing, and consuming information present on the network. As these devices need to work together, service oriented is a best solution for it. In coming future all the infrastructure would be service oriented. This IoT technology not only fills the gap between the IT systems and environment, but will change the method of design, deploy and usage of services.

Present Peer Review

Automation and Integration in IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a trending technology that is presently changing and adding values virtually to all the market and industries in a foundational way. This IoT technology has faced a lot ups and down in the last five years in forming the link between the real worlds. The current focus is on the IoT is to connect or link the existing channels with the machines which was previously not connected. In the present time, every organization is inclined towards IoT for the growth of their company. The IoT has transformed the traditional way of approach of transformation (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart,& Wright,2017).The IoT work closely with the automation and integration and thus enabling the machines in transforming the industries (Thoben, Wiesner,& Wuest,2017). The increasingly focus is on integrating the collected data from different source i.e. machines and sensors with the pre-existing data sources. The forecast made by the IHS, hat this IoT market will grow exponentially from 15.4 billion devices to 30.7 billion devices till 2020.

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Implementation of IoT in Automation

The three factors that will affect the economy and the society in the areas of automation and integration. Automation is type of technology by the help of which a process is accomplished by the minimal assistance of the humans. Connecting several machines such as sensors and actuators to the computing system enables maximum number of process to automate. The proper automation can help a lot in developing in the system of an organization. For example, jet engines generate several amounts of data while operating, so that data information can be evaluated automatically and can further integrate with the system for the smooth process. The automation alone itself does not improve the performance; integration of the data is also needed for enhancing the process (Endsley, 2018). Routledge. Several companies are integrating the performance of the machines and data collected automatically from the machine and combining it with the customer relationship management. This integration of data improves the customer services of an organization.

Server-Client Model in IoT

The current organization environment is complicated, unpredictable, and filled with uncertainties. The enterprise seeks flexibility and adaptability to tackle such issues by inclining towards the real-time actions which would help organization to remain competitive. The organization is concerned with the development and accomplishment of the goals. Presently the IoT uses a centralized server-client model to provide connectivity to the several servers, workstations, and systems. This huge of connectivity simultaneously increase the burden on the server and a time will come that it might get collapsed and this will lead in stop functioning of the whole organizational structure. This bottleneck in the connectivity of the IoT , effects on the efficiency and overall performances. It is essential to look after this and need to fix the alternative which might work when one get fails. The main issue with the IoT is security, as the data which is stored in other country's server is not safe and can lead into a mishap (Sicar, Rizzardi, Grieco,& Coen,2015). The present scenario is more focus on innovation new technologies by using IoT as a prime base. They are enabling the machines which were previously manually operated to automatic by using this technology and implementing it in various platforms for the consumer and organization to get most of the benefits. The majority of the companies are shifting towards the IoT technology for automating their process and to enhance the experiences. The data integrity is the most common challenge faces by the organization (Sun, Song, Jara, & Bie, 2016).. The data which is being getting stored in the server might be useful or actionable information and this need to be separated for further process. So it's necessary to keep the all types of electrical sensors and hardwares updated. Device management is the most important feature of IoT management tool. So it becomes vital to retain the information such as status and logs of the device. The security breaches are major challenge in this system and this breaches leads in the loss of credibility and finances. The IoT system which is efficient has protection and data detection mechanism to check the unusual vulnerabilities. The data which IoT is using needed to be encrypted and secured (Andrea, Chrysostomou, & Hadjichristofi, 2015).

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Gaps in Literature

The gaps in literature is said to be the missing pieces that are found in the literature review of the research topic (Liao, Deschamps, Loures, & Ramos, 2017). It is also said to be the area, which is not been, explored yet. In the context of the current research, it is seen that, there is a lack of theoretical framework in the research. In case of any research, theoretical framework plays a very crucial role, which is not present in this research. This research did not contain enough theoretical frameworks. It is important to include theoretical framework in the research as it helps in bringing out the outcomes of the research in a much easier manner (Abbasi,Sarker, & Chiang,2016).A theoretical framework mainly consist a clear concepts regarding the research topic with the definitions and provides reference to the scholarly articles that are relevant to the research topic and that could be used for the topic of study (Hart, 2018). A theoretical framework generally provides a concept regarding the understanding of the concepts of the theories.

Case Study

1. International Business Machines

International Business Machines (IBM) is an American computer software company. It is positioned as one of the largest companies worldwide, in the information technology sector. It was founded in the year 1911as Computing Tabular Recording Company and was renamed as International Business Machines in 1924 (Leoni,2015). It produces and trades computer software and hardware and also provides services of consulting and hosting in various computing technology area, operating in around 170 plus countries. The Internet of Things has evolved and progressed greatly in the past few years. The IoT technologies have revolutionized enterprise systems to a large extent (Kerzner,& Kerzner,2017) Due to this, transformations in the business models, traditional methodologies in this field are taking place more rapidly as well as productively.

IBM has a huge role to play in driving such modifications in the market. It has helped various companies like Whirlpool and Daimler to advance in the information technology economy. Daimler launched smart cars, car2go which are eco-friendly and can be accessed through a Smartphone app. The IBM Company helped this automotive corporation in the car2go launch and making the idea a success (Ju, Kim, & Ahn,2016). These cars were in much demand in the market. It has also helped the Whirlpool Company in understanding their customer requirements regarding home appliances IBM has been constantly supporting companies to explore new ways of operating and recast their imaginations. It helps its clients to encounter revolutionized experiences, better than before. Many old, traditional companies using orthodox strategies have been helped to adapt new and more efficient technological strategies, through the Internet of Things. This technology can help in changing business attitudes and lives. The IoT platform of IBM helps in communicating information from various different devices through data connectivity (Ahmed et al., 2017). This helps in effective management of information and controlling device platforms. It can help in analyzing and continually monitoring real time device information. The required actions that trigger attention can be tracked. Managing risk and security of a company also becomes easier with the help of IBM. Secured data connectivity and protection of IoT is also ensured (Shackelford,2018). The enterprise can smartly estimate impending threats and risks and plan timely and effective measures and responses to be taken, in order to minimize the effects. They can also manage their company assets constructively. The company had developed its Watson IoT platform helps enterprises to solve many of their issues and managing their IoT data securely. Business can be re-imagined innovatively and new functional changes can be created in the organization, which can help it progress. Therefore, investing in the Internet of Things is a worthy of value initiative. The AI insights help the enterprise to function intelligently (Lu et al., 2018). The business firms can become more competent, boost their overall performance, and gain increasing sustainability in the ever-changing business environment. The business model of IoT enabled enterprises can also become more advanced. Many enterprises like to deploy this technology in their organizations, in order to enhance their technological infrastructure. IBM is one of the leading companies which aids in connecting the economy.

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2. Microsoft

Microsoft is another American multinational company. It mainly does its business functioning in computer software, hardware fields, computing with cloud technology, electronic gaming, and also internet. It was founded by Bill Gates along with Paul Allen, in the year 1975. It specializes in personal computer operations and software market. Some of its products are Windows, Skype, Office and many more. It provides useful IoT services.

One of the most useful and innovative Internet of Things technology developed by the company was the Microsoft Azure IoT suite. It is a smart technology, which establishes connectivity between device users and gadgets. Connecting the IoT hub using the ZTP (zero touch provision) setup requires no or minimal hard coding. The virtual system of the network can help enterprises in managing their assets and company estate. The Internet of Things focuses on linking the business channels with machines or making the use of the mechanism of technology. An individual or organization can institute their own Internet of Things with the help of this new technology. Authentication and management of devices can be done more effectively. The system helps in synchronizing of such gadgets with its users as well as managing security related issues regarding such devices. Critical threats and risks can be evaluated and suitable steps can be undertaken to mitigate its effect. It has teamed up with the Rockwell Automation Company, to broaden its sector and provide facilities of the Azure IoT suite to a greater extent of people and expand supply chain. The Company aims at transfiguring an IoT solution to several enterprises. IoT has completely changed the ways of operations, decision making and, managing risks in a better and more innovative way. Data connectivity between various devices is facilitated with the aid of advanced technologies. IoT helps in improving the business model of different enterprises and also in maintaining a viable position in the business environment. Technicians are able to predict problems before hand and IoT helps them to evaluate suitable end to end solutions. Performances can be monitored and tracked several processes and methodologies can be enhanced and the equipment' designs can be redefined. Microsoft works and partners with their customers to help them identify problems and provides apt solutions through its IoT technology. All around the world, Microsoft has been helping enterprises to improve their operational performance, properly allocate, and the make the best utilization of worthwhile resources. The Company has achieved great success in this field in the past few years.

Research Findings

In this research we have taken help of two different case studies on IBM (International Business Machines) and Microsoft companies. These have made clear the concepts of implementation and benefits of Internet of things in the real world scenario. It is a new technology and is gaining rapid popularity in the organizational sectors related to information. It connects the technological world and makes various functioning tasks easier for organization. It becomes easier for them to analysis and connectivity of data as well as monitor the environmental conditions so that proper timely measures can be taken. Microsoft and IBM use various productive methods to improve the business models and operations of several companies, which leads to the overall technological and economic enhancement.

Conclusion

In concluding this particular study of research, the researcher has obtained a clear understanding of the IoT contribution in the Enterprise System. The study mainly focuses on the evaluation of the contribution of the IoT in removing the gap between the IT system and the real world. The study highlights the benefits of an IoT which an organization uses to improve the overall framework of their organizations. The enterprise seeks flexibility and adaptability in their operations to tackle several issues by inclining towards IoT which would support association to endure competitive. The study emphasizes on the fact that the new methods are being implemented to improve the IoT based systems. The organizations are nowadays inclining towards technologies to further enhance their operations. The case study of Microsoft and IBM are provided to highlight the importance of IoT in an enterprise. It can be concluding from the *above study that IoT devices are capable of handling all integrated enterprise services.

The enterprise seeks flexibility and adaptability in their operations to tackle several issues by inclining towards IoT which would support association to endure competitive.

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