Effects Of Electric Car

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Executive summary: Pollution and global warming are the two major concerns for our environment today. Increase in greenhouse gases due to release of high quantity of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in air is contributing more to the problem. The major issues that Australia is facing are increase in greenhouses carbon emission due to excess reliance on cars. In 2016, nearly 61% of carbon emission and 11% of green houses were released from transport sector. In order to combat the situation, the concept of electric vehicles have been introduced. The concept of electric vehicles will contribute considerably in reducing the air and noise pollution. Electrical cars help in saving nearly 05% of fuel costs as compared to fossil fuel cars. Electric cars also help in reducing stamp duty charges while registration and maintenance costs. Thus, it facilitates in reducing the transportation cost as well. This report will give an insight to the beneficial effects of electric cars and the challenges and issues faced during the implementation of the concept in context to Australia.

Part 1: Problem

For asset proposals this Part should revisit and confirm the currency of the analysis of the problem in the earlier strategic business case.

1.1 Background

Describe the context and background necessary to set the scene to introduce the problem and benefits from addressing the problem.

Answer: The major issues that Australia is facing are increase in greenhouses carbon emission due to excess reliance on cars. In 2016, nearly 61% of carbon emission and 11% of green houses were released from transport sector.

Electric Cars makes use of energy that is stored in rechargeable batteries and it does not contain any kind of fuel, pump or fuel tanks. It is founds that Electric cars have led to reduction in carbon emission and greenhouse gases by 43% in recent years. The different intervention made by Government of Australia came up with tools such as Green Vehicle Guide and Fuel Efficiency and Labelling of CO2 .In addition; programs include Hydro-fluorocarbon Management and Support for low emission and carbon capture and storage. The providers of Electric Cars are Tesla ( Boudette & Musk, 2018) and Australian Clean Energy Electric Vehicle Group .The stakeholders involved in this area are community, government and Non -government organizations.

1.2 Definition of the problem

Present the cause of each problem, who is affected, and how they are affected. Describe the nature of the problem for example whether it is immediate, transitory, ongoing or escalating.

Answer: Increase in greenhouse gases: The major problem that Australia is facing is increase in greenhouse gases due to release of high quantity of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in air. The effect of this problem is it leads to poor air quality and breathing problem and causes rise in temperature. The stakeholders that are affected are community, government and environment at large.

1.3 Evidence of the problem

Provide the evidence of both the cause and effect of the problem.

Answer: • The Transport sector of Australia nearly emits 296.4 Mt of Carbon Dioxide in the air (Aph.gov.au, 2019). The assumption is that Greenhouse gases can cause climate change thereby resulting ion Australians suffering from infectious disease and Allergens.
• The Key Performance Indicators are change in consumption of resources, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency.

1.4 Timing considerations

Describe why the problem needs to be solved by government at this time, noting any connections to long-term planning documents.

Answer: The major problem that needs to be solved by Government of Australia is reduction in greenhouse gas emission. The major implications of this problem are Climate change and health issues (Dea.org.au, 2019).

• The capacity limit that Electric Car can reach is 85kwh.

• The Electric Car can reduce carbon emission by 43% and it also helps Australian in savings nearly $100 reduction of registration fees.

• The major government commitment that Electric Cars are unable to meet is failure of comp0lying with Road Vehicle Standard Bill, 2018.

• The different problems that Electric Cars face is over dependency on battery efficiency.

• The most critical requirement of Electric Car is advanced softwares to face various challenges like high maintenance costs, limited range and charging stations are lacking.

1.5 Consideration of the broader context

Explain whether similar needs or opportunities exist either inside or outside your organisation that might be addressed together with this proposal.

Answer: It is found that nearly 100 electric cars five years ago whereas 1900 electric cars were sold in 2014 and nearly 1200 were registered. The opportunity available is huge as the Australian Clean Energy Electric Vehicle Group has market of nearly 85% to capture. The different measures being taken by the Government of Australia to support Australian Clean Energy Electric Vehicle Group are announcing ban on sales of internal combustion and access in restriction of roads.

Part 2: Benefits

For agencies using the Investment Management Standard to map benefits, note that not all benefits identified as part of an investment logic mapping process will be suitable for inclusion in an economic evaluation of an investment proposal.

2.1 Benefits to be delivered

Explain the key benefits that flow if the problem is solved. List key high-level economic, social and environmental benefits the initiative will deliver.

Answer: The different benefits that can be delivered through electric cars are:

Environmental Friendly: The Electrical cars have lower costs as compared to petrol and diesel cars. The greenhouse gas emission is reduced ton per years. The reduction in green house gases increased to 4 tonnes in recent years (Drivezero.com.au, 2019).

Reduces Maintenance Cost: The Electric Cars reduce the maintenance costs by 25% of car owners .The diesel engines requires more maintenance and cots of parts are high whereas in case of Electric Cars does not require any kind of expensive exhaust systems and oil changes.

2.2 Importance of the benefits to Government

Show how this investment will help to advance the government and/or organisation to meet its objectives. Describe how this initiative connects to government priorities and the department's corporate, strategic and long term planning documents.

Answer: The benefits of Electric cars for Government are:

1) Reducing Registration Costs: The organizations are giving drivers of state plug-in-cars discount of nearly $100 on annual registration. In Australia, the owners of electric cars receives nearly 25 discounts on registration and stamp duty charged by the electric car owners is nearly zero thereby benefitting government in reduction of carbon emission and greenhouse gases.

2) Reduces Greenhouses gases: It is found that 14% of carbon emission in Australia comes from transport sector. On a average Electric Vehicles like Electric (Coffin & Horowitz, 2018) cars produces and emits 30% less greenhouse gases.

3) Improve Public Health: The Australian Government helps in improving public health as it produces zero tail pipe emission thereby assisting in reduction of urban pollution thereby leading to improvement in health. The emission from diesel and petrol vehicle cars resulted in nearly 40% premature death in Australia.

2.3 Evidence of benefit delivery

Define the measures and key performance indicators. Where appropriate an evaluation strategy/framework should be?

Answer: Description of Benefits that is expected to be delivered

1) Improvement in Urban facilities and amenity: The Electric cars help in producing less noise as compared to diesel and petrol vehicles. Moreover, the other benefits are helps in increasing efficiency that is electric cars can convert 90% of stored energy for propelling vehicle. The Electric cars have 20-30% high conversion rate. 

2) Reducing Transport Costs: The Transport costs reduce by nearly 60-90% as compared to diesel and petrol cars. Electrical cars help in saving nearly 05% of fuel cots as compared to fossil fuel cars. Electric cars also help in reducing stamp duty charges while registration and maintenance costs.

Owners of Benefits: The owners of benefits of Electric car Vehicles are:

1) Government: The Government is benefitted in the form of reduction in transport costs and reduction in emission of carbon dioxide in air.

2) Community: The community at large is benefited from Electric Cars as it helps in reducing emission of greenhouse gases and carbon emission.

3) People: The other benefiter of Electric cars is people that is people because it helps in reducing air pollution thereby reduction in health issues faced such as asthma, allergens and breathing problems.

4) Environment: The major advantage of Electric car for environment ate it helps in reducing air pollution thereby preventing depletion of ozone layer and preventing rise in temperature. [Refer to appendix 1]

Key Performance indicators: The key performance indicators are: 

1) Emission of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide.

2) Saving of maintenance and repair costs.

Risks involved.

The risk involved is:

1) High reliance on batteries.

2) Long charging time that is nearly 240 volt of electricity is required for charging of electric cars.

2.4 Interdependencies

Identify key interdependencies critical to benefit delivery.

Answer: The Electrical Car is interdependent on battery whereas is less interdependent on oil due to which Australia has to import less oil from foreign countries.

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Part 3: Strategic response

3.1 Method and criteria

Outline the method and criteria used to select the strategic response. Identify assumptions and constraints used to inform the development of strategic options.

Answer: The different criteria that can be used for measuring strategic intervention are the extent to which carbon emission and greenhouses gases is reduced. The other way to measure is estimating the registered number of electrical cars.

3.2 Strategic options analysis

3.2.1 Strategic interventions

Explain the potential strategic interventions and why these interventions might have an impact?

Answer: Strategic Interventions: 

Intervention 1 Traffic Energy Bar System

Intervention 2 Solar panels

Intervention 3 Grid Batteries

Intervention 4 Traffic alert System

Intervention 5 Air booster

Intervention 6 Developing a Car pooling application

Table 1: Summary of potential strategic interventions

3.2.2 Strategic options

Explain how the strategic interventions can be packaged into strategic options.

Answer:

3.2.3 Ranking of strategic options

Evaluate the strategic options to determine the proposed strategic response.

Answer:

Table X: Evaluation of strategic options

3.3 Recommended strategic option

Present the recommended strategic option, summarising the response and the rationale behind its selection.

Answer: The recommended strategic option is implementation of electric cars.

Part 4: Project options analysis

4.1 Project options considered

Describe the method and rationale used to select the project options.

Answer: The elevation in the emission of greenhouse gas and carbon emission has become a cause of major concern. In order to combat the situation, the concept of electric vehicles have been introduced.

4.2 Stakeholder identification and consultation

Provide an overview of the likely relative impact on key stakeholders of the various project options, and outline their position in relation to the project.

Answer: The concept of electric cars will have considerable impacts on several stakeholders. The stakeholders that are associated in this context are individuals, community, government - both local and national level, producers of electricity, companies operating grids, and environment at large.

4.3 Social impacts

Outline the social impacts and opportunities of the proposal and identify any significant social issues specifically relevant to particular project options.

Answer: The introduction of the concept of electric cars can have considerable beneficial effect for the society. The arrival of electric cars has initiated a development in general usage of the non replenish able energy resources and their further generation .Moreover, electric cars impose considerable impact on the health of the citizens, due to reduced air and noise pollution.

4.4 Environmental impacts

Provide a high-level overview of the relative environmental impact analysis of the options including specific actions required to meet all relevant legislative requirements and identified likely community concerns.

Answer: The electric cars impose several impacts on the environment, which will be beneficial over a long period. Electric cars help to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. This will improve the overall quality of air in the course of time.

4.5 Economic impacts

Provide a high-level overview of all significant economic impacts and opportunities of the options.

Answer: The technologies and the innovations that are associated with electric cars contribute to the overall economic expansion of the society. With the use of different sources of energy like- nuclear, hydro, solar etc, the economy can flourish.

4.6 Overall evaluation of socio-economic and environmental impacts

What the Government would be ‘purchasing' for its investment?

Answer: Overall, it can be summed up to the fact that the advent of the concept of electric cars will render several beneficial effects for society, environment and economy by generating clean air, healthier environment and contribution in the economy.

4.6.1 Cost benefit analysis (economic evaluation)

Identify welfare impacts on society, both costs and benefits, for each project option. Describe the methodology to be used. The Electric Cars reduce the maintenance costs by 25% of car owners.

4.7 Financial analysis

Provide an estimate of the capital and whole life costs of the project options and describe the process by which the estimate was derived.

Answer: The process of manufacturing and usage of an electric car can have a significant impact on the revenue earned by the Government. For the (Otani, & Makino,2018) household, the financial compatibility comes with several other aspects like- availability of parking space, consumable parts, refuelling time etc.

4.8 Risk comparison

Describe risk assessment process for the project options analysis, which may include a risk workshop.

Answer: The concept of electric cars have some underlying risks as well- the batteries used in the electric cars emit fumes which are toxic in nature, moreover since this system is totally automated, chances of sudden breakdown cannot be neglected. Before investing in electric cars, these things are to be kept in mind.

4.9 Integrated analysis and options ranking

Which table of these two options is most appropriate to your integrated analysis.

Answer: Taking into account all the pros and cons of electric cars, we come into the following analysis-

Table xx: Presenting the results of the options analysis

Table xx: Presenting the results of the options analysis, with multi-criteria analysis

4.9.1 Testing the robustness of the options analysis

Examine how net present values, benefits, costs or other outcomes vary as individual assumptions or variables change.

Answer: The analysis of the option is done by considering several factors like- net present values, benefits, costs or other outcomes vary as individual assumptions or variables change. Assuming that the introduction of electric cars will be environmentally, socially (Wang et al, 2015)and economically effective, the following analysis is done -

Table xx: Sensitivity testing results - Scenario One: ...............................

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Part 5: Deliverability of recommended solution

Can the solution really be delivered? Why the recommended solution is the most effective and actionable solution.

5.1 Details of recommended solution

Which project option is the Recommended Solution, addressing the rationale for its selection in light of the integrated assessment, stating its details.

Answer: The major problem that Australia is facing is increase in greenhouse gases due to release of high quantity of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in air. The effect of this problem is it leads to poor air quality and breathing problem and causes rise in temperature. The stakeholders ( Grandell et al 2016) that are affected are community, government and environment at large. To solve this problem, the concept of electric cars is implemented at large.

5.2 Commercial and financial

5.2.1 Procurement

Outline the procurement options analysis - method and process, showing ranking of options against criteria used to selected recommended procurement strategy.

Answer: The best method of procurement of electric vehicle is in- cash methods of (Chung, & Kwon, 2015) procurement due to its capacity to include flexibility or better manage risk. This is so because it is balanced with the related issues of time, cost, whole of life value and quality.

5.2.2 Risk assessment and management

Provide a detailed risk assessment of the recommended solution, outlining key risks and management strategies.

Answer: The risk management strategy is described below.

Risk                                                     Management strategy

Toxic fumes from batteries                      Using solarenergy

Table X: Key risks to the success of this investment

5.2.3 Detailed costing and economic evaluation

Identify the impact on output funding and the breakdown of operating costs to key components.

Answer: The project budget estimate including: base cost estimate, base risk allocation and contingency is described below:

Table 1: Headline project cost element summary

Table 2: Base cost estimate

Table 3: Project risks

5.2.4 Funding sources

Discuss proposed funding sources including potential contributions from other levels of government, private sector, sale of assets etc.

5.3 Management

5.3.1 Governance

Detail the proposed project governance structure demonstrating its appropriateness.

Answer: The different sources of funding for the development of electric cars are different levels of Government, private sectors, operators and producers of grid and producers of electricity.

5.3.2 Stakeholder engagement and communications plan

Provide an outline of key elements of stakeholder and communications analysis describing stakeholders, their likely position on the project and plans to manage that.

Answer: The stakeholders that are associated in this context are individuals, community, government - both local and national level, producers of electricity, companies operating grids, and environment at large. For effective implementation, clear communication is essential between the manufacturers and stakeholders.

5.3.3 Project management strategy

Describe the organisational capability and generic systems, standards and methodology which would allow the project to be delivered successfully.

Answer: Project management strategies are the tools (Larson, & Gray2017) and techniques that are used by the managers to accomplish their desired goals. The project management strategies of electric cars could incorporate organizing campaigns about the innovation and encouraging people to know about these and try it out.

5.4 Delivery

Answer: On time delivery is imperative for the successful accomplishment of the project goals of the electric cars. This will increase the satisfaction of the customers and thus can generate more customers for the industry.

5.4.1 Change management

Outline the scope of organisational/process change management required to effectively deliver the benefits.

Answer: In order to bring out the optimum benefit from the concept, it is important to provide adequate training to the users so that they experience hassle-free driving of the electric cars.

5.4.2 Timelines and milestones

List the major milestones and deliverables and their delivery timelines and contingencies.

Answer: The important timelines and milestones of electric car are- initiation of the plan, finalizing the plan, obtaining the raw materials, test drive and finally, the launch in the market. The success of the project depends largely upon customer reviews.

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5.4.3 Performance measures

Provide a statement of investment benefits. Analyse how well the recommended solution addresses the problem and key benefits.

Answer: The performance measures are described below-

5.4.4 Readiness and next steps

Explain plans to transition the investment to the next stage. Explain the main areas of uncertainty to be resolved in the next stage.

Answer: This involves the steps following the procurement. There are some uncertainties, which require to be resolved here. These include- information regarding staffing, approvals, and land acquisition etc.

5.4.5 Signoff

Provide details of any review process.

Answer: Before the signoff, it is crucial to have an appropriate quality assurance check of the electric cars. This will ensure that the performance of the electric cars is optimized.

5.4.6 Exit strategy

Detail the exit strategy and the factors that would lead to wanting to exit either early or at term.

Answer: Exit strategy is a process that involves all the processes within the project. In order to accomplish the project successfully, every process should be thoroughly scrutinized.

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