CULT 220 News: Constructed and Consumed Assignment - Humber College, Canada
Topic: Effect of fake news.
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Argument: One of the most detrimental yet common effect of fake news is that of the formation of echo chambers, which lead to extremism, and social and political polarization.
The increase in the spread of fake news has become somewhat easier due to the emergence of social media (Lazer, et al., 2018). This is because it has become amazingly convenient for the perpetrators to share whatever they wish to, with millions of people, at the use of just one click (Spohr, 2017). Also, faulty algorithms and weak detection systems often lack the ability to detect whether the news is fake or genuine.
Fake news can have many repercussions, but the most basic and perhaps, the most important, among them would be the formation of echo chambers. Echo chambers is the term that is used to denote the hindrance of civil, healthy discourse due to the clustering of like-minded people, who further reassert each other's beliefs (Dubois & Blank, 2018). This is essentially harmful, because it tends to make the individuals become unresponsive to news or opinions that might differ from their own (Colleoni, Rozza, & Arvidsson, 2014). Extremism, violence, and political and social polarization are among the most prominent effects that echo chambers give rise to.
Broadly-speaking, fake news has come to the surface as a rather powerful weapon that is influencing the decisions, attitudes and the functioning of the societies (Spohr, 2017). This can be blamed partly on the massive advancements in technology. Doctored videos are no longer a thing of the future, and specimens have come up that give even the experts a very hard time for determining whether they are fake or genuine. For instance, if a politically motivated video is released with fake audio and engineering video clips, it might trigger unrest, panic and even provoke large-scale riots (Spohr, 2017). It could be dangerous even at personal and business levels. For instance, fake videos on someone's private life could be devastating for them, and fake statements on financials, etc. could throw businesses into disarray. Fake news could previously be dismissed as rumors, but due to the widespread reach of social media, the most important medium for the spread of such hoaxes, it has become difficult to control it before it can spiral into something dangerous and massively threatening (Lazer, et al., 2018). People now need to learn, that online videos are no longer credible sources of information, and that they must tread carefully before believing in any news.
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However, nothing can parallel the dangers of echo chambers as being the most destructive effects of fake news. The problem is a ubiquitous one, and this has, once again, amplified due to the increase abuse of the internet. It can lead to the loss of shared experiences, and harm the structures of organizations and societies that are otherwise democratic or decentralized in nature.
It is nearly impossible to escape ideological biases, as the world we live in is largely diverse. However, the internet has encouraged the growth of many news sites where the factual accuracy or the credibility of their journalism cannot be accounted for. Most of such platforms thrive by providing the audience with what they want, feeding them information that is largely inaccurate.
In order to understand why this happens, it can be noted that most people who fall prey to echo chambers are those rely most on the internet for news purposes. They fail to realize that almost everything starting from search engine results to social media ads have been tailored to become more appealing to us. Thus, this compartmentalizing of data often leads to polarization (Colleoni, Rozza, & Arvidsson, 2014). Humans are a lot more homogeneous than they might believe themselves to be, but this idea is often destroyed due to the formation of these echo chambers that result due to biased algorithmic filtering that satisfy our own egos and flatter our perceptions.
The divisions that result due to the formation of these echo chambers often run deep, and people tend to reinforce their beliefs upon their own selves in the form of a "feedback loop". When fake news flourishes online, it only sparks aggression, and fosters bias, polarization and segregation. Many times these online echo chambers further strengthen the dubious beliefs or notions, rendering them with a legitimacy that is wholly different from the reality (Dubois & Blank, 2018).
Echo chambers can sometimes be comforting to the involved individuals, but it is ultimately a harmful repercussion that restricts us within a perpetual tribalism, inflicting tangible damage to the society as a whole. The only way to counter this would be to analyze the source of the news, but in most cases such an initiative is often not feasible.
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