Criminal Justice System Assignment -

Question - Explain the Racial Disparities in the U.S. Criminal Justice System.

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Answer - Report on Racial Disparities in the U.S. Criminal Justice System

Introduction

The report would explore the racial disparities in the Criminal Justice System of United States. This would explore various aspects and perspectives of the racial disparities and thus, a wide and a broad scope of information would be provided. United States has witnessed intense exercise of racial discrimination and this has brought in the disparities in the laws of the nation. The criminal justice system of the country has framed some different laws for the blacks and for the whites. These disparities needs to be assessed throughout the report.

Racial Disparities in the United States Criminal Justice System

The United States criminal justice system is one of the largest system in the world. As opined by Freudenberg and Heller (2016), racial disparity in the justice system comes to existence when the proportion of any one race or ethnic group within the justice system is higher in proportion than any other race in the general population. The United States prison and jail system has shown evidences of racial disparities in the population of the imprisoned people. More than 2.2 million people are incarcerated in the federal, state and local jails which makes United States the world leader for incarceration rate. As identified by Bell (2018), African Americans are more likely to get arrested and face the issues of racial discrimination than any other race or ethnic group. They are not only arrested but eventually face conviction with lengthy prison sentences. Hispanics and white people also face the racial disparity but not more than the African-Americans which includes both the genders. These disparities originate from the prevalent racial discrimination in the country which proves the fact that the judicial system demonstrates double standards. The criminal judicial system can be divided into two systems that are for wealthy people who are accessible to constitutional protection for defendants for a smoother judicial proceeding. The other judicial system is for the poor and people of color facing substantially a different treatment from the wealthy prisoners. As suggested by Fielding-Miller, Davidson and Raj (2016), more than 27% of the Black Americans were arrested in the year 2016 which highlights that they are more susceptible to be criminal activities based on their race. The important link identified between their race and rate of crime is the increasing urban poverty which is more prevalent in the African Americans. The crimes committed by the blacks are often overestimated by the white Americans and this becomes the most important reason for disparities and such a disproportionate criminal judicial system.

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As suggested by D'Souza, Weitzer and Brunson (2018), the racial disparities starts with the misconduct of police with the African-Americans and as identified, the crimes are mostly higher in the minority neighborhoods in US. Although the policies for tackling different kinds of crimes has made a little progress but only at the cost of the lives of the black people. The entire criminal justice system has failed to address the discriminatory policies such as the biasness of the police officer's discretion and policies that are revenue-driven. The police officer's often take undue advantage of their discretion and are more likely to stop the blacks and Hispanics than the whites for search and arrest. This racial disparity is prevalent all over the US and identifies a pattern that shows even though police officers get very less contraband from the people they have stopped and arrested, it is their common mentality to believe blacks and Hispanics to be the suspects of any crime. As identified by Makowsky, Stratmann and Tabarrok (2018), revenue-driven policies are more likely to avoid the safety needs of the people arrested which is evident from the unwanted fines on them through aggressive enforcement of traffic violations and minor offenses.

The stage of processing highlights the policies and procedures that can be unacceptable at times. As identified, African Americans are incarcerated every year in the local jails more than the Hispanics and Whites. The pretrial detention has been identified to decrease the chances of any further trial or bail and may increase the length of the sentences of the prisoners. The Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to be denied bail and require a greater sum of money to pay for their bonds to avoid detention. As opined by Western (2018), due to their criminal records, they are more likely to have a harder life and face biasness at workplace and other areas of the society.

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The disparities are more prevalent in the prisons due to majority of African-Americans in the prisons. They face sentences either for drug offenses and serious felonies conducted. The racial disparities in the adult and juvenile systems is faced by both the black adults and black youths. There is prevailing biasness from the prosecutors against the blacks as they charge them with longer sentences. The policies and inadequate funding has led to inappropriate case handling of the black and indigent prisoners by defendants with insufficient expertise in criminal cases. The process of availing discretionary parole is often difficult for blacks and Hispanics and are accused of disobeying the orders. The post prison consequences are difficult for a majority of the black people especially due to their criminal records and lack of correctional welfare programs from the US judicial system for African-Americans.

Conclusion

The exploration of the criminal justice system of United States and the racial disparities in the country has provided with the fact that the disparity in the country has been observed to be exercised in today and even the justice system are impacted by it hugely. The disparities needs to be assessed and some steps and initiation needs to be taken in order to reduce the racial disparities at least in the criminal justice system.

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