Condition Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Line Insulator, Griffith University, Australia
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Assignment
Obtain papers from a variety of sources, e.g. IEEE and IEE/IET journals or conference papers, which deal with methods that can be applied for condition monitoring of overhead power line insulators. From the material read, select 4 methods for discussion. From the material gathered prepare a short report containing the following elements:
Abstract
The consequences of pollution accumulation on overhear power line insulators
Discuss four selected techniques for condition monitoring of insulators :
Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the four methods
Comparison of data presented by the selected papers
An indication of future trends, if any. in this field
Solution :
ABSTRACT
The technology improves, what happens when technology improves there will be ultimate growth of industry and more requirement of electrical energy transmitted to run these industries, So the power production plans to implement power transmission lines the grids and so on in large number. The power transmission lines are made of highly insulating materials that are affected by environmental changes and pollution. The pollutants settle on these power transmission insulated lines made of ceramics, porcelain or polymer composite materials. The power transmission lines are affected by the pollutants where these pollutants continuously deposit reducing the insulation power and creating a flash fire voltage leading to short circuit and leakage. In order to control this, we have discussed in this project the four methods to continuously monitor the transmission line and arrive at the conclusion by comparing these four methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed.
INTRODUCTION
The power has to be transmitted for basic needs. The electrical energy is used for various purposes and various concerns the use of electrical energy is supplied through the overhead insulation lines that are directly exposed to environmental conditions. The continuous exposure of these insulation lines to pollution creates the pollutants to settle on the lines and thereby increase the leakage of voltage and short circuit. To reduce the settling of pollutant continuous monitoring has to be done in the power transmission line. The transmission of power from the production of electrical energy is done and transmitted by construction High voltage overhead power lines (HVPL). The advantage of these power lines is that it gives an uninterrupted power supply (Supriya Kadam S, Nilakshi Patil N, 2015). The damage to these insulation lines may lead to high interruption in power and power failure.
The Atmospheric influences cause the interruptions and these include rain, geological features. The damages are unpredictable. The 60 % present of failure in the transmission is due to damage in insulation. The insulation damages are increasing day by day and it is rising up to 6% to 8% every year approximately. The linear insulation gets damage due to its primary operations. The (Iosif Breido, 2018) damage of the insulation lines reduces the electric strength and thereby introducing an overlap of supply causing fluctuation in normal power supply (Muhsin Tunay Genc, Mehmet Cebeci, 2008). The transmission of power in the insulator is continuous and the pollutants from atmospheric and natural pollution from the air. In this thesis, we are going to discuss the elimination of damage insulation using the various method from a condition monitoring of insulation.
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OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of the project is to avoid insulation damages and to continuously monitor the insulation. To provide uninterrupted power supply to all concern.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The electrical based insulation lines have continuous damages to the major concern in the power sector and the power economy. In a review, The cellulose and oil are the insulation source for transformer the concern is the degradation of these insulation causing poor dissipation factor in the power line. So they device a method to reduce degradation. The electrical diagnostic methods were adopted for the reduction of degradation in insulation and continuous monitoring of results to reduce degradation (Issouf Fofana, Yazid Hadjadj, 2016). According to (Iosif Breido, 2018) The damage in insulation are considered and accordingly controlling monitoring will also be done. The existing review method and sensors are developed to identify the leakage of insulation lines in any places (Issouf Fofana, Yazid Hadjadj, 2016). (Apu Banik,sovan dalai, 2015)the power transmission uses the ceramic and porcelain as insulators for transmission lines as it can withstand large amount of voltage fluctuation. The deposit where experimented in an industrial lab.
CONSEQUENCES OF POLLUTION ACCUMULATION
In recent years electrical technology has become a trend and wants to supply electric city to the public without interruptions. The economy of the company mainly depends on the proper supply of produced electrical energy without any interruptions or failure. The effective operation of a firm depends on the continuity of the process, if the process gets damaged it may not process the supply independently and efficiency of the process decreases. The pollution is the major cause of this type of issues. The pollutants accumulated reduces the performance also creates flashover in the insulator thus causing the failure of the insulator by the settle of pollutant like fog, smog, rain that affects the insulation property. The humidity of the pollutant plus current passing becomes conductor thereby providing short circuit (Issouf Fofana, Yazid Hadjadj, 2016). once when the pollutants accumulate The degradation of insulators takes place. Thus we have to select prevent measure to reduce these accumulators.
Most of the analyzing depends on the severity of pollution. the comparison of different behavior of insulators Depends on the cleaning schedule.
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THE TYPES OF POLLUTION
The type’s pollution accumulating the insulators includes the waste present in the atmosphere.
• The pollution of the insulators depends on various salts accumulated in Air Pollution
• When rain and fog occur the insulation affected leading to conductivity (Iosif Breido, 2018).
• Once the contamination begins the layer gets dried leading to leakage of current
• The insulator layer warms up by forming dry bands
• The discharge talks place producing some sounds in the line
The above pollution causes phase change when accumulated thereby creating a number of phases at times. When the pollutant gets accumulated the insulation resistance becomes less and the increase in conductivity is observed until the boiling point of humidity is raised. Once when the boiling point is reached the resistance diminishes increase conductivity is seen and the flashover of the voltage occurs. When the pollution is distributed overall we will notice a fall in resistance and insulation can increase.
The contaminants and their sources are as follows
• Salts-The salts get accumulated due to the salts in humidity, a power line in seashore areas, some snowfall in highways in certain months.
• The accumulation of types of cement when the lines are near the cement industry and cement queries
• Metals industrial smoke elimination (David Stuart McLennan )
• Chlorine emission from the chlorine manufacturing industry
• The volcanic eruptions
• The smog’s
• The smoke from all manufacturing industry and domestic
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLLUTION INCLUDES
• Pollution from industry
• Pollution due to marine
• Pollution due to desserts
Pollution from industry
The industrial pollution for the accumulation of pollutants in insulator might be due to the smoke emitted from the material manufacturing industry, the chemical smoke emissions and the dust from all manufacture. The dust, chemical and smoke get accumulated upon the insulator naturally no source is needed to induce to contaminate the insulation layer. The accumulated layer remains of months together thus causing the contamination. We can control the leakage due to contaminants by calculating the leakage amplitude and the level of accumulation (Apu Banik,sovan dalai, 2015).
Pollution from marine sources
The lines passing in the marine area are due to salt dew in the morning near the marine area. When the dew settles on the insulator it gets dries up creating salt accumulation. The accumulation varies accordingly depending on the accumulation of salts. The effective salt analyzing method can be found to reduce the leakage of the current (Ramos Hernanz, José A, Campayo Martín, José J, 2016).
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Pollution from the desserts
The wind, the rain and the terrain effects affect the line in the desert area the sand has salt, and the wind blows the sand and the dust gets layered over the insulator when rain, fog or smog occurs the salts conduct and thereby creating flashover in voltage leading to insulation damage (Muhsin Tunay Genc, Mehmet Cebeci, 2008).
THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology involves the methods studied from previous experiments four methods are discussed to analyze behavior of insulation contamination.
• The telemetric monitoring insulation condition
• Equivalent Salt Density
• The leakage frequency waveform
The Telemetric Monitoring Insulation Condition
In the telemetric transmission system, the leakage transmission sensor has fitted the diagram shows the entire method
Fig.1 The schematic Diagram of the leakage transmission line current
The current transformer T1 measures the volume transform and surface transform of the leakage current along with the WP and Woc winding measurement. The amplifier amplifies the measuring A1,The sounds are filtered in A2,A3 and A4 and reach the corona to measure in Transformer T1. The current from resistor R1 is converted to AC current thus amplified of the leakage current. The sound leakage is transmitted to the leakage sensor from where it is transmitted to the leakage sensor and transmitted via GPRS (Iosif Breido, 2018). The leakage of current is censored by the sensor connect towards the ground and the continuous monitoring can be done using this method.
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The Equivalent Salt Density Deposit
The amount of salt detector in an insulator. It is the most common method to detect leakage transmission. The graph plotted shows the dose of leakage in strong leakage pollution and rain wash down also depends on the leakage current .this is a simple and most cost effective method of finding leakage current. Porcelain default insulator models were examined to detect visual layer accumulation. The degradation was detected and analyzed by the crack of material. The method is used to determine resistance, voltage and electric field detection (David Stuart McLennan ).
Fig2. The EDS Graph
The Leakage Wave Frequency Characterization
The leakage waveform or the frequencies recorded by the transformer and the frequency were noted and recorded. The query of leakage was solved five fundamental insulators. The frequency was detected by spraying the contaminants or the exposure of contaminants and the frequency in leakage was noted. The three types of suspension where sprayed to find out the level of contamination and frequency of leakage the contaminants where moved to fog chamber, the peak values noted when there gradual increase in waveforms and the gradual reduce along with time, six stages of waveform the rainfall, sinusoidal leakage, the discharge (Supriya Kadam S,Nilakshi Patil N, 2015).
The Ph Based Condition Monitoring
The experiment is used to calculate the Ph in the contaminated layer caused due to rain fog, smoke and dust. The sample was taken as a small disk diameter 240mm, discharge 140 mm and leakage space of 280 m, the insulator was contaminated with salts like calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride etc. When large frequency of current flow was employed when there was a large current flow the interrupted there is a leakage. The voltage was from a transformer short circuit measured and the voltage using a voltmeter. The electrode was used to measure the sensor of leakage current and the monitoring is done using a Ph sensor (Hamid Naseem, Md, Mamoon Rashid, 2014).
CONCLUSION
The above methods discussed clearly defines the measurement of leakage current as well as a sensor for detecting the flow both advanced methods are being discussed it more advantages to buy an amplifier, and the monitoring can be done continuously to avoid the leakage and loss of transmission insulation. The pollution can also monitored using sensor feed in the transmission line .
The thickness of the layer can also be sensed using the advanced technique the more cost-effective and easy monitoring technique will avoid so many energy loses the best way for energy management.
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