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Cell Cycle and Cancer Lab Assignment

Record the number of cells in each stage (out of 20 total cells)

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Part 1- Questions

1. What was your hypothesis about normal versus cancerous cells?

Solution: Normal tissue has a cell cycle regulation that allows a controlled replication of cells. The amount of oxygen and blood supply required for the cancerous tissue is higher than the normal tissue. Cancerous cells may show alterations in their DNA as they proceed with multiple cell divisions at a rapid rate. Body's immune system kills the rogue cells however the cancerous tissue might still have more cells as they have surpassed the detection mechanism. The nucleus might differ in the shape and size as the replication might not be complete without the regulation.

2. Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells and cancer cells? Was your hypothesis correct? What is your conclusion?

Solution: Hypothesis on the cell types in a cancerous tissue was indeed correct. Data from the link suggest that higher mitotic index was present in the cancerous tissue than in the normal tissue with an associated picture of malignant tissue. Each slide represented the status of cells.

Normal tissue may turn into cancerous one with a dysregulation of cell cycle and other numerous factors. In any tumour the number of cells are more with a relatively smaller cell size and higher blood supply.

3. When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio ofdividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index,normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain.

Solution: Mitosis is a cells division essential for replacing the worn-out cells. The daughter cells produced are identical. The normal tissue regenerates after wear and tear. But in a cancerous tissue the cells have lost the capacity to check their cycles and are observed to proliferate without any necessity. Thus the mitotic index is more for a cancerous tissue as the number of cells in dividing stage are more than a normal tissue.

4. Different types of normal tissues in the human body have different mitotic indices. From the tissues youlooked at, which normal tissue would have the highest mitotic index?

Solution: Mitotic index was high for normal ovary than stomach and lung tissue. Ovaries produce female gametes every 28 days otherwise known as menstrual cycle in female. In each cycle the ovum is released and the few other cells are undergoing division to produce and prepare the ovum for th upcoming cycle and hence higher number of dividing cells are seen than the other cases.

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Part 2-Questions

1. What cancers did you assess your risk for?

Solution: Lung cancer, colon cancer were chosen to perform the risk assessment

2. What were your risk levels for those cancers?

Solution: Risk levels were measured and are provided as below average to above average. The risk for colon cancer is average and lung cancer is above average.

3. Are there any lifestyle changes you could make to lower your risk levels for these cancers?

Solution: Red meat is associate with an increased risk of colon cancer. The chemicals released during the process of digestion have a direct impact on the cellular structure and often are known to cause modifications leading uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Nuts and fresh fruits are also low in my diet plan. They are a good source of nutrients and possess anti-cancerous properties and can be included.

Smoking is another major contributor to the lung cancer. Reduction in the number of cigarettes and alternate options can be ventured to prevent the lung damage.

4. What are some good things about your lifestyle or family history that lower your risk for cancer?

Solution: My family history shows that there is no record of cancer on either side of the family displaying a lower risk of genetically inherited susceptibility to cancers. Choice of vegetable oil and accommodating whole grains in the diet provides anti-cancer immunity.

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