BUSS1008 Research methods and Project Design, Middle East College, Oman

Project Proposal

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Objective: This is an individual assignment aimed to give students the experience to design and implement an effective project proposal relating to business and information systems. This will help the students to achieve all learning outcomes while conducting own project proposal.

Learning Outcomes covered:

1. Design and implement an effective project proposal relating to business and information system.

2. Critically review existing academic literature relevant to an area of research.

3. Appraise the different research techniques and tools.

4. Evaluate, assess and choose research methods.

Task:

Submit a project proposal by the end of week 8 which must include:

Question : Project title

o Prepare a clear and well defined working title.

Answer - 1 Title:

A study Relationship between motivation and productivity of employees in organizations please, citations are very important at least 25.

Question : Background of the study

o Give a detailed introduction to the project undertaken specifying the general aim of your project. Prepare your understanding of the field of study by critically analyzing the pertinent work of other investigators (5-7-literature review) leading up to your proposed work.

Answer- 2 Background of the study:

This study is proposed to demonstrate the role of motivation in performance of employees within an organization. Employees are the vital part of any organization, their performance effects company's performance and its market value so that employees should be influenced to perform their tasks efficiently (Christiane, et al., 2016) . Organizations have to accept that; employees are one of their main assets and they can lead them to success and decline as well. In order to influence their employees, organizations have to plan different strategies of motivation, this will ensure improved performance of employees and helps to increase their productivity.

Motivation can be considered as a set of forces which stimulate a person to use his abilities appropriately in order to achieve the objectives and goals of any organization they are working for. Motivation is as one of the main predictors of employee performance, in easy words it allows a person to perform better in a sense which impacts their performance significantly and improve their productivity (G., 2017) Motivation is considered as the keystone of any organisation which helps in boosting up the morale of employees. Self-esteem and increased moral will lead employees to increase their productivity, that will be possible with a high level of job satisfaction. It plays an important role in keeping employees motivated, it makes them work efficiently and employees also enjoy their work and that's all because they are appropriately motivated by their leaders and they know how to enjoy their work (Sumiyati, et al., 2016) .

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This paper will discuss, Job motivation, which is already addressed by many researchers; this issue has been discussed in many different ways and perspectives. This paper will debate about the role of job motivation in increasing productivity and quality of employees (Mat, et al., 2016) Employee quality is important as well, this factor influence their performance and that is why highly motivated employees are more successful than those who do not enjoy their work (Tejaswi & Raya, 2015) . Performance of employee is another aspect which contributes in the success of the organization as the main objective of any organization is to earn profit and employee are the keys which contribute in generating profit and help in achieving the organizational goals.

Lack of motivation can negatively impact an organization; less motivated employees perform poorly which results in the shape of decreased productivity, that can cause many issues within the organization. Using appropriate strategies of motivation, the organization will provide a certain set of values to employees which help them to construct certain behaviour towards the accomplishment of goals (Samih, et al., 2017) . This study will help to understand the relationship between motivation and job performance and how can organizations cop up with the issues which occur due to the bad performance of employees. Also, it will discuss the negative and positive relationship of motivation with the performance of employees along with factors which can lead employees to improve their performance for the betterment of the organization.

3 Project Aim:

Aim of this study is to understand the relationship of motivation with the performance of employees and to estimate, how motivation improve the productivity of employees.

4 Literature review:

Joseph Osabiya (2015) discussed in this paper about the factors which may affect motivation on overall performance and productivity of employees. This study shows that leadership, work environment, job satisfaction, supervision and teamwork have a very significant impact on motivation as well as productivity of employees (M. & Sarkis, 2018) . This study reveals that there is a major difference in the productivity of employees who were motivated and those who were not satisfied with the job. Using appropriate techniques of motivation like periodic performance reviews and offering training to the employee in order to motivate them to have a positive impact on employee productivity (Joseph, 2015) .

Kreye Melanie (2016), investigates in this paper, that how can different intrinsic motivational factors play their role in employee motivation. This is the first empirical study of employee motivation in PPS, which results in showing insights of sovietisation strategy and its implementation. The motivation of employees in PSS makes significant changes in their delivery services. Data of this paper was collected through interviews and surveys. Results shows, individual motivation in terms of skill development, fulfilling nature of works plays an important role in individual motivation (E, 2016) .

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Diraksa et al. (2017) have elaborated that intrinsic motivation increases the work engagement of the employees. moreover, even after the introduction of extrinsic motivation, the influence of intrinsic motivation remained the same. For enhancing the intrinsic motivation of the employees, it is necessary that employer provides a comfortable work environment and make the job interesting as it will increase the employee engagement at the job and he will be doing the work more effectively (Eka, et al., 2017) . Engaged employees are an effective asset for the company because they have increased productivity.

Nevbahar Ertas (2015) has argued that retention, as well as the motivation of the young generation worker, is a challenging task for employers. Through primary research, the author has evaluated that millennial workers are difficult to retain. They have a strong desire to switch job no matter how many attributes are being offered to them (Nevbahar, 2015) . At this point, it becomes necessary for the employers that they use effective job tactics for retaining the employees and make the job quite interesting for them. different tools and strategies can be used for this purpose.

Stress is becoming one of the major health issues among individuals in the modern era. It's not only in terms of mental and psychological illness, but it has become a social phenomenon. The leading cause of stress can be organizational pressures. A number of individuals are a victim of stress because of the unreasonable environment of the workplace and not enough earning. It is horrific even to imagine how society will turn up with the presence of stress and depressed individuals. The organizations must consider appropriate behaviour to motivate their employees (Fernet, et al., 2015) .

Motivation can be measured as the predictor for job performance. It determines whether the employee has work willingly with the positive spirit or just to done the job while sacrificing the quality. When the only concern of the employees become showing up at the organization, doing the everyday task, getting the paycheck and leave, it is not only bad for the productivity of the organization but also has a bad effect on the mental health of employees. There should be an existence of a positive relationship between employee and organization. Employees are the most important part of the organization and their behaviour toward it determine the success of the
organization (WANG & Yang, 2017) .

When the organization appreciate the work of an employee, they will feel more connected to work. appreciation of work made them realize that their work is noticeable and beneficial for the organization. In return, employees will work harder. The positive motivation increases the creativity and productivity among the employees which ultimately gives the organization benefits. Further, the employee will feel that the establishment is not only a place where they require to spend half of the day but it a place that needs their assistance in order to become successful (Remus, et al., 2017) .

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Studies have shown the organizational goals are hard to achieve without the commitment of employees. Motivation is characteristics that relate to human psychology and contribute to a degree of commitment and individual behaviour. Through motivation, the organization can do more than increasing productivity. An organization where human efforts are celebrated will be the ideal place to work and the employees would not consider looking for another job. The mental health and atmosphere are more worthy than the financial income. Individuals prefer to work at the organizations that put less stress on them (Jeffrey, et al., 2017) . Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation at the organization considered the choice or preference of the employee. It allows them to have freedom on some extent about
doing the work they want to do. For instance, if someone wants to be the organizer in arranging a seminar and so on giving them this opportunity will motivate them to do the job right. Similar, extrinsic motivation refers toward reward, praising, positive feedback, absence of punishment and monetary rewards come. This kind of motivation has a long term effect on the employee and they will do their best to achieve them again (Bayraktar, et al., 2017) .

Monetary rewards are very common among big organizations. In the result of hard work and innovation, the organization tend to give a bonus, pay raise or increment. It provides employees with something that they can look forward too. This way the organization and employees both get benefits. The organization achieve its goals and the employees get extra money in the result of their work. it gives employees control over their income; there is always a chance to increase it by working hard and being more innovative and creative. This kind of encouragement from the organization decrease the chance of burnout and dissatisfaction from the work and organization (Ola, et al., 2015) .

On the other hand, verbal appreciation is also highly appreciated among the employees. The leadership body should be involved with the employees on a personal level. Instead of the email, the face to face communication with the senior and junior employees will encourage them to do better. Further, they will be more attentive and considerate about the tasks because of the involvement of leadership. Appreciation and positive feedback do not require any expense but only require the time from the individual who is responsible for running the organization (Ahammad, et al., 2015) .

The everyday work routine can be tiring for the employees. The modern-day job requires doing some work from the workers because they have a speciality in doing that. It is good for business while having a bad effect on the mental health of the employees. Sometimes it ends up in isolation and alienation and in result, it affects the productivity of the organization. This situation occurs mainly in the automobile organization and others that involve technical work. The organization can motivate the employees by providing them with flexible workhorse and celebrating things like watching the match, and other local events. With a fresh mind, the employees will concentrate better on work (Filipa, 2016) .

Question : Research questions

o Prepare the research questions that sets out to answer the research problem specific to the project chosen

Answer - 5 Research question:

What is the relationship of motivation with employee performance?
How does motivation influence job performance?
What are the main approaches of work motivation in employees?
Which factors are the reason for demotivation in employees?

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Question : Research Objectives

o Prepare objectives following the SMART.

Answer - 6 Research objectives:

To evaluate forces which can impact employee performance positively.
To estimate the role of motivation in improved performance of the employee.
To find out the relation between job satisfaction and motivation.
To identify the relation of motivation in the organizational workflow.

Question : Proposed methodology

o Prepare the research methods you intend to go about investigating the research questions. Also provide justification of your choice.

Answer - 7 Proposed methodology:

For this study, the researcher can use different tools of data collection which will help them to investigate the ratio of motivation within employee motivation within organizations. In order to obtain important data to compile the research, the researcher may use the following methodologies.

7.1 Interviews:

Interviews are a tool used for the collection of data, information and evidence. Replies got from interviews are not quantitative, the interviewer should consider interviewee, they should focus on the question type, information which they want and type of interview which is required to fulfil the needs of this research (Valeria, et al., 2016) . Interviews allow the researcher to collect data which is accurate, as interviews are face to face interaction, so chances of any misleading information are very less in this process. Another beneficial factor of conducting interviews is that the interviewer can observe the body language of the interviewee, that may help him to understand the feelings towards question. Also, the behaviour of interviewee helps the researcher to know about the issue.

7.2 Questionnaire:

The questionnaire is said to be the easiest way of data collection, mostly used when research requires data in huge numbers. Data collected from questionnaires can be objective, postal or quantitative. The questionnaire is easy to deliver to people. Also, it will not take much time of the person who is fulfilling that paper also it will be easy for him to chose an option than providing whole detail (A, 2018) In order to get appropriate results researcher, have to be efficient in choosing the right questions. This will help in obtaining useful results after data analyzation. This method is ideal for this research as it will help in completing the research within time as it is less time consuming than other methods.

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7.3 Observation:

Observation is a method which allows the researcher to observe and monitor people; it will help him to know the actual situation regarding research. Most of the time employees are hesitant to comment on their company and its services (Tahsin & ARIBAS, 2018) . Which can be a difficult situation for the researcher, in order to observe employees, researcher can plan a discussion with them. During the discussion, he can observe the behaviour of people and their body language to carry out results. This will reduce the ratio of assumptions; the researcher will not attempt to predict things which will increase the quality of analysis and that will help in providing reliable information.

7.4 Focus groups:

This is another method of collecting data; this involves a group of people which will too part in discussion regarding the research questions (Anderson & Botkin, 2016). This will allow group members to participate in the discussion and share their views with others which may influence other's perspective. This is a flexible method which allows collecting data from people of different groups. This method did not conclude on a topic; it only helps to collect data from different opinions and information to carry forward the research.

Question : Scope of the Study

o Prepare the scope of the research with its beneficiary and relevancy

Answer - 8 Scope of the study:

This study will provide insights into the organization, how they provide motivation to their employees and what factors help them to improve their productivity. This paper will help to understand the factors which contribute to improving the performance of employees and that helps them in giving their 100% to organization. Motivation plays an important role in influencing employees; this allows them to work effectively and use their abilities appropriately in order to achieve personal and organizational goals. This study will help to highlight those motivational factors which will help companies to plan motivational strategies which will be helpful in keeping their employees motivated towards their job along with providing them adequate facilities to enjoy their work which may result in increased productivity.

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Question - Bibliography

o Prepare the referred articles using CU Harvard referencing style. Citations should be added.

Answer - 9 References
A, K., 2018. Questionnaire design. In The Palgrave Handbook of Survey Research, 1(1), pp. 439-455.
Anderson, R. & Botkin, J., 2016. Deliberative discussion focus groups. Qualitative health research , 26(6), pp. 734-740.
Christiane, B., Dur, R., Neckermann, S. & Non, A., 2016. Employee recognition and performance: A field experiment. Management Science , 62(11 ), pp. 3085-3099.
E, K., 2016. Employee motivation in product-service system providers. Production Planning & Control , 27(no. 15), pp. 1249-1259.
E, K., 2016. Employee motivation in product-service system providers. Production Planning & Control 27 no. 15, pp. 1249-1259.
G., N., 2017. Conceptions of ability and achievement motivation: A theory and its implications for education. In Learning and motivation in the classroom, 2(1), pp. 211-238.
Joseph, O., 2015. The effect of employees motivation on organizational performance. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research 7 no. 4, pp. 62-75.
Joseph, O., 2015. The effect of employees motivation on organizational performance. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 7(4), pp. 62-75.
M., G. & Sarkis, J., 2018. The role of employees' leadership perceptions, values, and motivation in employees provenvironmental behaviors. Journal of cleaner production, 196 (2), pp. 576-587.
Mat, S., Zahari, A., Said, N. & Ali, S., 2016. The influence of work motivation on organizational commitment in the workplace. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6(55), p. 1.
Samih, S., Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N. & Alqotaish, A., 2017. The Effect of Low Morale and Motivation on Employees’ Productivity & Competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies. nternational Business Research , 10(7), pp. 1-7.
Sumiyati, S., Masharyono, M., Purnama, R. & Pratama, K., 2016. Sumiyati, Sumiyati, Masharyono Masharyono, Ridwan Purnama, and Kevin Fazar Pratama. "The Influence of Social Work Environment on Employee Productivity in Manufacturing in Indonesia. In 2016 Global Conference on Business, Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(3), p. 23.
Tahsin, Y. & ARIBAS, K., 2018. Excursion Observation Method in Teaching Geography: A Sample Route Study. Marmara Cografya Dergisi, 37(1), pp. 16-29.
Tejaswi, B. & Raya, R., 2015. Mechanism of improved performance: Intrinsic motivation and employee engagement. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 12(4), p. 92.
Valeria, L., Symonds, P. & Brown, D., 2016. Skype as a tool for qualitative research interviews.
Sociological Research Online , 21(no. 2), pp. 1-15.

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Question : Timeline
o Prepare the timeline with respect to the project undertaken. Timeline should provide only the requirements of this coursework.

Answer - 10 Timeline:

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